Mitostatin is down-regulated in human prostate cancer and suppresses the invasive phenotype of prostate cancer cells

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 6; no. 5; p. e19771
• Main Authors: Fassan, Matteo, D'Arca, Domenico, Letko, Juraj, Vecchione, Andrea, Gardiman, Marina P, McCue, Peter, Wildemore, Bernadette, Rugge, Massimo, Shupp-Byrne, Dolores, Gomella, Leonard G, Morrione, Andrea, Iozzo, Renato V, Baffa, Raffaele
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.05.2011; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adenoviruses; Agar; Animal tissues; Animals; Antisense RNA; Apoptosis; Biology; Bladder; Bladder cancer; Breast cancer; Cancer; Cancer cells; Cell Adhesion; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cloning; Decorin; Development and progression; Down-Regulation - genetics; Drosophila; Ectopic expression; Epidermal growth factor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes; Genetic aspects; Heat shock proteins; Hsp27 protein; Human tissues; Humans; Insects; Invasiveness; Kinases; Male; Mammary gland; Medicine; Metabolism; Metastasis; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mutation; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Pathology; Phenotype; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; Proteins; Reduction; siRNA; Tumor Stem Cell Assay; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism; Tumorigenicity; Tumors; Urinary bladder; Urology; United States > US; Pennsylvania
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019771

MITOSTATIN, a novel putative tumor suppressor gene induced by decorin overexpression, is expressed in most normal human tissues but is markedly down-regulated in advanced stages of mammary and bladder carcinomas. Mitostatin negatively affects cell growth, induces cell death and regulates the expression and activation levels of Hsp27. In this study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of Mitostatin in PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells not only induced a significant reduction in cell growth, but also inhibited migration and invasion. Moreover, Mitostatin inhibited colony formation in soft-agar of PC3 and LNCaP cells as well as tumorigenicity of LNCaP cells in nude mice. Conversely, targeting endogenous Mitostatin by siRNA and anti-sense strategies in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells enhanced the malignant phenotype in both cell lines. In agreement of these anti-oncogenic roles, we discovered that Mitostatin was absent in ∼35% (n = 124) of prostate tumor samples and its overall reduction was associated with advanced cancer stages. Collectively, our findings indicate that MITOSTATIN may acts as a tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer and provide a novel cellular and molecular mechanism to be further exploited and deciphered in our understanding of prostate cancer progression.