Water Manganese Exposure and Children's Intellectual Function in Araihazar, Bangladesh

• Published in: Environmental health perspectives Vol. 114; no. 1; pp. 124 - 129
• Main Authors: Wasserman, Gail A., Liu, Xinhua, Parvez, Faruque, Ahsan, Habibul, Levy, Diane, Factor-Litvak, Pam, Kline, Jennie, van Geen, Alexander, Slavkovich, Vesna, Lolacono, Nancy J., Cheng, Zhongqi, Zheng, Yan, Graziano, Joseph H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare 01.01.2006; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• Subjects: Adults; Arsenic; Arsenic - blood; Arsenic - urine; Bangladesh - epidemiology; Blood; Blood levels; Chemical hazards; Child; Children; Children's Health; Circumferences; Cognitive ability; Copyrights; Creatinine; Drinking water; Environmental agencies; Environmental Exposure; Environmental health; Environmental protection; Female; Food; Health; Hemoglobin; Households; Humans; Inhalation; Intelligence; Intelligence quotient; Intelligence Tests; Lead - blood; Low level; Male; Manganese; Manganese - analysis; Manganese - blood; Manganese - toxicity; Medical; Neurotoxicity; Potable water; Raw; Risk; Urine; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - blood; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Supply; Well water; Wells; Bangladesh; Bangladesh, Araihazar; USA
• ISSN: 0091-6765; 1552-9924
• DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8030

Exposure to manganese via inhalation has long been known to elicit neurotoxicity in adults, but little is known about possible consequences of exposure via drinking water. In this study, we report results of a cross-sectional investigation of intellectual function in 142 10-year-old children in Araihazar, Bangladesh, who had been consuming tube-well water with an average concentration of 793 μg Mn/L and 3 μg arsenic/L. Children and mothers came to our field clinic, where children received a medical examination in which weight, height, and head circumference were measured. Children's intellectual function was assessed on tests drawn from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, version III, by summing weighted items across domains to create Verbal, Performance, and Full-Scale raw scores. Children provided urine specimens for measuring urinary As and creatinine and were asked to provide blood samples for measuring blood lead, As, Mn, and hemoglobin concentrations. After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, water Mn was associated with reduced Full-Scale, Performance, and Verbal raw scores, in a dose-response fashion; the low level of As in water had no effect. In the United States, roughly 6% of domestic household wells have Mn concentrations that exceed 300 μg Mn/L, the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lifetime health advisory level. We conclude that in both Bangladesh and the United States, some children are at risk for Mn-induced neurotoxicity.