Comparisons of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds in Three Fractions of Snake Fruit Seeds (Salacca edulis reinw) for Anemia Treatment

• Published in: Research journal of pharmacy and technology Vol. 17; no. 7; pp. 3308 - 3314
• Main Authors: Pramestiyani, Mustika, Soetrisno, Soetrisno, Indarto, Dono, Purwanto, Bambang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Raipur A&V Publications 24.07.2024
• Subjects: Anemia; Chromatography; Ethanol; Females; Fruits; Iron; Medical research; Phytochemicals; Plantations; Pregnancy; Seeds; Solvents; Vitamin C; Water; Womens health; Yogyakarta Indonesia; Indonesia
• ISSN: 0974-3618; 0974-360X; 0974-306X
• DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00517

Snake fruit is an Indonesian original plant cultivated in Turi District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province. Our previous studies indicated that administrations of flour or ethanol extract of snake fruit seeds (SFS) could increase hemoglobin levels in female rats with anemia. However, anemia rats treated with higher doses of SFS flour and ethanol extract result in leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Therefore, this study aimed to fractionate the ethanolic SFS extract based on its solubility and analyze its micronutrient and phytochemical contents. The SFS flour was macerated using 70% ethanol and then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Another SFS flour was extracted using hot water as a control. Micronutrients in SFS fractions and water extract were measured using AAS, while the phytochemical content was analyzed using the GC-MS and LC/MS-MS. The iron level in water fraction 2 (33.00 mg/L) was slightly higher than that of hot water extract (32.75 mg/L). The Zn level in the hot water extract (10.25mg/L) was around two-fold that of the Zn level in water fractions 1 and 2(4.25 and 5.25mg/L, respectively). Vitamin C level in water fraction 2(52.8mg/100g) was similar to the hot water extract (52.5mg/100g), higher than in water fraction 1(48.4mg/100g). More bioactive compounds were detected in the ethyl acetate fraction than n-hexane and water SFS fractions. In conclusion, the SFS water fraction 2 contains iron, vitamin C, and Zn levels higher than the SFS water fraction 1 and other SFS fractions, but it has similar levels to the hot water extract. The ethyl acetate fraction has flavonoids, caffeic acids, gallic acids, and alkaloids, more prominent than in the water SFS fraction.