Biomarkers for PVR in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 4; p. e0214674
• Main Authors: Zandi, Souska, Pfister, Isabel B, Traine, Peter G, Tappeiner, Christoph, Despont, Alain, Rieben, Robert, Skowronska, Magdalena, Garweg, Justus G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 03.04.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Autoimmune diseases; Biological markers; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomedical research; Care and treatment; CCL19 protein; CCL22 protein; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell proliferation; Chemokines; CXCL10 protein; CXCL12 protein; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Diagnostic software; Diagnostic systems; Extracellular matrix; Eye; Eye (anatomy); Female; Glaucoma; Glucocorticoids; Growth factors; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 16; Interleukin 4; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Physical Sciences; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Retina; Retinal detachment; Retinal Detachment - complications; Retinal Detachment - metabolism; Silicon; Surgery; Tamponade; Therapeutic applications; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative - complications; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative - diagnosis; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative - metabolism; Switzerland
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214674

Various profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokines have been found upregulated in uncomplicated primary retinal detachment (pRD), but without providing a uniform picture. Here, we compare the cyto- and chemokine profiles in pRD with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in an attempt to unravel relevant differences not in single cytokines, but in the cytokine profiles at diagnosis. Undiluted vitreous fluid (VF) was obtained at the beginning of surgery from 174 eyes with pRD without relevant PVR (maximally grade B; group 1; n = 81) and with moderate or advanced PVR requiring a gas tamponade (group 2; n = 49) or silicon oil filling (group 3; n = 44). VF of eyes undergoing macular hole (MH) surgery served as controls (group 4; n = 26). Forty-three cytokines were quantified in parallel using a multiplex cytokine analysis system (Bioplex). For all comparisons we applied Holm's correction to control for multiple comparisons. 44.9% of group 2 eyes presented grade C1 and 55.1% C2-C3, whereas 86.4% of group 3 eyes exhibited a PVR grade of C2-D. CCL19 was the only cytokine that displayed higher concentrations in the vitreous of eyes with PVR C1 compared to lower PVR grades. Eyes with PVR C2-D showed higher levels of CCL27, CXCL6, IL4, IL16, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL22, MIG/CXCL9, CCL15, CCL19, CCL 23 and CXCL12 compared to controls. Interestingly, no difference of cytokine levels was detected between C1 and C2-D PVR. CCL19 may represent a potential biomarker for early PVR progression that holds promise for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.