Effect of a dairy- and calcium-rich diet on weight loss and appetite during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults: a randomized trial

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 371 - 376
• Main Authors: Jones, K W, Eller, L K, Parnell, J A, Doyle-Baker, P K, Edwards, A L, Reimer, R A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2013; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/699/1702/393; 692/699/2743/2037; 692/700/565/2072; Adult; Adults; Appetite; Appetite - physiology; Area Under Curve; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - analysis; Body composition; Body Composition - physiology; Body weight; Body weight loss; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage; Chemokine CCL2 - blood; Clinical Nutrition; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Dairy products; Dairy Products - analysis; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Diet, Reducing; Dietary intake; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Food and nutrition; Food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health aspects; High-calcium diet; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin - blood; Internal Medicine; Linear Models; Male; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Middle Aged; Monocyte chemoattractant protein; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocytes; Motor Activity; Nutrient deficiency; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; original-article; Overweight; Overweight - diet therapy; Overweight persons; Peptide YY - blood; Physiological aspects; Plasma levels; Public Health; Risk Factors; Risk reduction; Satiation; Satiety; Tyrosine; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Weight control; Weight loss; Weight Loss - physiology; Young Adult; Canada; clinical trial; satiety; calcium; peptide YY; dairy; Human; Appetite; Obesity; Calcium; Nutrition disorder; Weight loss; Metabolic diseases; Inorganic element; Feeding; Overweight; Randomization; Energy; Diet; Satiety; Adult; Clinical trial; YY peptide; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.52

Background/objectives: A diet rich in dairy and calcium (Ca) has been variably associated with improvements in body composition and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine if a dietary pattern high in dairy and Ca improves weight loss and subjective appetite to a greater extent than a low dairy/Ca diet during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome. Subjects/methods: A total of 49 participants were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Control (low dairy, ∼700 mg/day Ca, −500 kcal/day) or Dairy/Ca (high dairy, ∼1400 mg/day Ca, −500 kcal/day) for 12 weeks. Body composition, subjective ratings of appetite, food intake, plasma satiety hormones, glycemic response and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Results: Control (−2.2±0.5 kg) and Dairy/Ca (−3.3±0.6 kg) had similar weight loss. Based on self-reported energy intake, the percentage of expected weight loss achieved was higher with Dairy/Ca (82.1±19.4%) than Control (32.2±7.7%; P =0.03). Subjects in the Dairy/Ca group reported feeling more satisfied ( P =0.01) and had lower dietary fat intake ( P =0.02) over 12 weeks compared with Control. Compared with Control, Dairy/Ca had higher plasma levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY, P =0.01) during the meal tolerance test at week 12. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was reduced at 30 min with Dairy/Ca compared with Control ( P =0.04). Conclusions: In conclusion, a dairy- and Ca-rich diet was not associated with greater weight loss than control. Modest increases in plasma PYY concentrations with increased dairy/Ca intake, however, may contribute to enhanced sensations of satisfaction and reduced dietary fat intake during energy restriction.