Compost Grown Agaricus bisporus Lacks the Ability to Degrade and Consume Highly Substituted Xylan Fragments

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 8; p. e0134169
• Main Authors: Jurak, Edita, Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina, de Vries, Ronald P, Gruppen, Harry, Kabel, Mirjam A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 03.08.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Agaricus; Agaricus - enzymology; Agaricus - growth & development; Agaricus - physiology; Agaricus bisporus; Arabinofuranosidase; Aspergillus awamori; Basidiocarps; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Biodiversity; button mushroom; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Cellulases - metabolism; Cellulose; Cellulose - metabolism; Composting; Composts; Cultivation; Degradation; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases - metabolism; enzyme-activities; Enzymes; Fragments; Fruit bodies; Fungi; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Genomics; h-1-nmr spectroscopy; Laboratories; Mannans - metabolism; mode; Mushrooms; Mycelium - enzymology; Mycelium - growth & development; Mycelium - physiology; oligosaccharides; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Polysaccharides; purification; Residues; Saccharides; Soil - chemistry; Studies; Substitutes; Substrates; wheat-flour arabinoxylan; Xylan; Xylanase; Xylans - metabolism; Xylose; Xylosidase; Xylosidases - metabolism; Netherlands; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134169

The fungus Agaricus bisporus is commercially grown for the production of edible mushrooms. This cultivation occurs on compost, but not all of this substrate is consumed by the fungus. To determine why certain fractions remain unused, carbohydrate degrading enzymes, water-extracted from mushroom-grown compost at different stages of mycelium growth and fruiting body formation, were analyzed for their ability to degrade a range of polysaccharides. Mainly endo-xylanase, endo-glucanase, β-xylosidase and β-glucanase activities were determined in the compost extracts obtained during mushroom growth. Interestingly, arabinofuranosidase activity able to remove arabinosyl residues from doubly substituted xylose residues and α-glucuronidase activity were not detected in the compost enzyme extracts. This correlates with the observed accumulation of arabinosyl and glucuronic acid substituents on the xylan backbone in the compost towards the end of the cultivation. Hence, it was concluded that compost grown A. bisporus lacks the ability to degrade and consume highly substituted xylan fragments.