Genetic variation and structure in native and invasive S olidago canadensis populations

• Published in: Weed research Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 163 - 172
• Main Authors: Zhao, S Y, Sun, S G, Dai, C, Gituru, R W, Chen, J M, Wang, Q F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.04.2015
• ISSN: 0043-1737; 1365-3180
• DOI: 10.1111/wre.12130

Summary Solidago canadensis is native to N orth A merica, but has become a noxious invasive plant in C hina. We know only a little about its invasion history and the effects of introductions on its genetic composition. Here, we investigated genetic variation and structure between 15 N orth A merican and 13 C hinese populations of S . canadensis using AFLP makers. Four AFLP loci suggested relatively high genetic diversity of this weed and similar genetic variation between the invasive range and the native range. Most genetic variation was within populations across two ranges, but the C hinese range had a higher degree of among‐population variation than the N orth A merican range. Multiple tests, including Bayesian assignment, UPGMA analysis, PCoA and analysis of ‘isolation by distance’, showed that the C hinese populations originated from at least two distinct native sources and that secondary introduction or dispersal should be common in C hina. Also, North American populations were possibly a single genetic group. Overall, S . canadensis in C hina was probably founded from multiple introductions and then spread through long‐distance dispersal associated with human activities. Genetic variability in the species in the invaded range appears to have favoured establishment and spread and may well provide a challenge to successful control.