The effect of intermittent antenatal iron supplementation on maternal and infant outcomes in rural Viet Nam: a cluster randomised trial
Anemia affects over 500 million women, and in pregnancy is associated with impaired maternal and infant outcomes. Intermittent antenatal iron supplementation is an attractive alternative to daily dosing; however, the impact of this strategy on infant outcomes remains unclear. We compared the effect...
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Published in | PLoS medicine Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e1001470 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.06.2013
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Anemia affects over 500 million women, and in pregnancy is associated with impaired maternal and infant outcomes. Intermittent antenatal iron supplementation is an attractive alternative to daily dosing; however, the impact of this strategy on infant outcomes remains unclear. We compared the effect of intermittent antenatal iron supplementation with daily iron supplementation on maternal and infant outcomes in rural Viet Nam.
This cluster randomised trial was conducted in Ha Nam province, Viet Nam. 1,258 pregnant women (< 16 wk gestation) in 104 communes were assigned to daily iron-folic acid (IFA), twice weekly IFA, or twice weekly multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation. Primary outcome was birth weight. Mean birth weight was 3,148 g (standard deviation 416). There was no difference in the birth weights of infants of women receiving twice weekly IFA compared to daily IFA (mean difference [MD] 28 g; 95% CI -22 to 78), or twice weekly MMN compared to daily IFA (MD -36.8 g; 95% CI -82 to 8.2). At 32 wk gestation, maternal ferritin was lower in women receiving twice weekly IFA compared to daily IFA (geometric mean ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.80), and in women receiving twice weekly MMN compared to daily IFA (geometric mean ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.68), but there was no difference in hemoglobin levels. Infants of mothers who received twice weekly IFA had higher cognitive scores at 6 mo of age compared to those who received daily IFA (MD 1.89; 95% CI 0.23 to 3.56).
Twice weekly antenatal IFA or MMN did not produce a clinically important difference in birth weight, when compared to daily IFA supplementation. The significant improvement in infant cognitive outcomes at 6 mo of age following twice weekly antenatal IFA requires further exploration, and provides additional support for the use of intermittent, rather than daily, antenatal IFA in populations with low rates of iron deficiency.
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12610000944033. |
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Bibliography: | The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: BB GC JF TTu. Performed the experiments: GC TH SH NK DT TTh TTu BB. Analyzed the data: SH TTh JS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BB DT TTu. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: SH BB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: SH BB JS TH TTu TTr JF GC SP TD. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: SH TH JS GC NK DT TTh SP TTr TTu TD JF BB. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: SH TH JS GC NK DT TTu SP TTh TTr TD JF BB. Enrolled patients: GC TH TTh NK SH. |
ISSN: | 1549-1676 1549-1277 1549-1676 |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001470 |