Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment

• Published in: PLoS genetics Vol. 15; no. 2; p. e1007905
• Main Authors: Bezler, Alexandra, Braukmann, Fabian, West, Sean M, Duplan, Arthur, Conconi, Raffaella, Schütz, Frédéric, Gönczy, Pierre, Piano, Fabio, Gunsalus, Kristin, Miska, Eric A, Keller, Laurent
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 08.02.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Bioinformatics; Biology; Biology and life sciences; Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - genetics; Cancer; Double-stranded RNA; Ecology; Environmental aspects; Evolution; Feeding; Female; Funding; Gender differences; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - genetics; Gene regulation; Genetic aspects; Genetic regulation; Genetic research; Genomes; Genomics; Germ Cells - physiology; Gonads; Gonads - physiology; Heredity; Hermaphrodites; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods; Kinases; Male; Males; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; Nematodes; Next-generation sequencing; Pest resistance; Phenotypes; Research and analysis methods; RNA interference; RNA Interference - physiology; RNA polymerase; RNA, Double-Stranded - genetics; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Small Interfering - genetics; RNA-mediated interference; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Sex differences (Biology); siRNA; Software; Sperm; Supervision; Tissues (Anatomy); Worms; New York; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; Switzerland; Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
• ISSN: 1553-7404; 1553-7390; 1553-7404
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007905

RNA interference (RNAi) related pathways are essential for germline development and fertility in metazoa and can contribute to inter- and trans-generational inheritance. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, environmental double-stranded RNA provided by feeding can lead to heritable changes in phenotype and gene expression. Notably, transmission efficiency differs between the male and female germline, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we use high-throughput sequencing of dissected gonads to quantify sex-specific endogenous piRNAs, miRNAs and siRNAs in the C. elegans germline and the somatic gonad. We identify genes with exceptionally high levels of secondary 22G RNAs that are associated with low mRNA expression, a signature compatible with silencing. We further demonstrate that contrary to the hermaphrodite germline, the male germline, but not male soma, is resistant to environmental RNAi triggers provided by feeding, in line with previous work. This sex-difference in silencing efficacy is associated with lower levels of gonadal RNAi amplification products. Moreover, this tissue- and sex-specific RNAi resistance is regulated by the germline, since mutant males with a feminized germline are RNAi sensitive. This study provides important sex- and tissue-specific expression data of miRNA, piRNA and siRNA as well as mechanistic insights into sex-differences of gene regulation in response to environmental cues.