Evaluation of Maternal Health Service Indicators in Urban Slum of Bangladesh

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 10; p. e0162825
• Main Authors: Jolly, Saira Parveen, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Afsana, Kaosar, Yunus, Fakir Md, Chowdhury, Ahmed M R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 12.10.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Bangladesh; Biology and Life Sciences; Child health; Childbirth & labor; Children; Community Health Workers; Complications; Contraceptives; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data processing; Delivery services; Demographics; Factor analysis; Family planning; Female; Ghettos; Health; Health aspects; Health care reform; Health problems; Health services; Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data; Home Childbirth; Humans; Indicators; Intervention; Interviews as Topic; Literacy; Maternal & child health; Maternal Health Services - statistics & numerical data; Maternal mortality; Medical personnel; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Midwifery; Morbidity; Mortality; Neonates; Newborn babies; Newborn infants; Obstetrics; Occupational health; People and Places; Population; Postnatal Care; Postpartum period; Poverty Areas; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Prenatal Care; Rural areas; Slums; Social Class; Social Sciences; Statistical analysis; Statistical tests; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urban areas; Urban poor; Womens health; Workers; Young Adult; Bangladesh; India
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162825

A continuous influx of poor people to urban slums poses a challenge to Bangladesh's health system as it has failed to tackle maternal morbidity and mortality. BRAC is the largest non-governmental organisation in Bangladesh. BRAC has been working to reduce maternal, neonatal and under-five children morbidity and mortality of slum dwellers in cities. BRAC has been doing this work for a decade through a programme called MANOSHI. This programme provides door-to-door services to its beneficiaries through community health workers (CHWs) and normal delivery service through its delivery and maternity centres. BRAC started the 'MANOSHI' programme in Narayanganj City Corporation during 2011 to address maternal, neonatal and child health problems facing slum dwellers. We investigated the existing maternal health-service indicators in the slums of Narayanganj City Corporation and compared the findings with a non-intervention area. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012, in 47 slums of Narayanganj City Corporation as intervention and 10 slums of Narsingdi Sadar Municipality as comparison area. A total of 1206 married women, aged 15-49 years, with a pregnancy outcome in the previous year were included for interview. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive and maternal health-care practices like use of contraceptive methods, antenatal care (ANC), delivery care, postnatal care (PNC) were collected through a structured questionnaire. The chi-square test, Student t test, Mann Whitney U-test, factor analysis and log-binominal test were performed by using STATA statistical software for analysing data. The activities of BRAC CHWs significantly improved four or more ANC (47% vs. 21%; p<0.000) and PNC (48% vs. 39%; p<0.01) coverage in the intervention slums compared to comparison slums. Still, about half of the deliveries in both areas were attended at home by unskilled birth attendants, of which a very few received PNC within 48 hours after delivery. The poorest and illiterate women received fewer maternal health services from medically trained providers (MTPs). The poorest had a lower likelihood of receiving services from MTPs during delivery complications. The MANOSHI programme service coverage for delivery care and PNC-checkup for women who prefer home delivery needs to be improved. For sustainable improvement of maternal health outcomes in urban slums, the programme needs to facilitate access to services for poor and illiterate women.