A Putative Association of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in GPR126 with Aggressive Periodontitis in a Japanese Population

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 8; p. e0160765
• Main Authors: Kitagaki, Jirouta, Miyauchi, Shizuka, Asano, Yoshihiro, Imai, Atsuko, Kawai, Shinji, Michikami, Ikumi, Yamashita, Motozo, Yamada, Satoru, Kitamura, Masahiro, Murakami, Shinya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10.08.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis - genetics; Aggressive Periodontitis - metabolism; Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics; Biocompatibility; Biology; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomedical materials; Bone sialoprotein; Calcification; Cardiovascular disease; Cbfa-1 protein; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cyclic AMP; Cytokines; Dentistry; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease control; DNA; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Exome; Exome sequencing; Female; G protein-coupled receptors; Gene expression; Gene polymorphism; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomes; Growth factors; Gum disease; Health risk assessment; Homeostasis; Humans; Ligaments; Male; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Morphogenesis; Oral diseases; Osteopontin; Patient outcomes; Periodontal ligament; Periodontal Ligament - cytology; Periodontitis; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population; Protein kinase A; Proteins; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Scoliosis; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - genetics; Signaling; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Studies; Teeth; Tissues; Transfection; University graduates; Young Adult; Japan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160765

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease causing loss of tooth-supporting periodontal tissue. Disease susceptibility to the rapidly progressive form of periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis (AgP), appears to be influenced by genetic risk factors. To identify these in a Japanese population, we performed whole exome sequencing of 41 unrelated generalized or localized AgP patients. We found that AgP is putatively associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs536714306 in the G-protein coupled receptor 126 gene, GPR126 [c.3086 G>A (p.Arg1029Gln)]. Since GPR126 activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, we performed cAMP ELISA analysis of cAMP concentrations, and found that rs536714306 impaired the signal transactivation of GPR126. Moreover, transfection of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells with wild-type or mutant GPR126 containing rs536714306 showed that wild-type GPR126 significantly increased the mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and Runx2 genes, while mutant GPR126 had no effect on the expression of these calcification-related genes. The increase in expression of these genes was through the GPR126-induced increase of bone morphogenic protein-2, inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) 2, and ID4 expression. These data indicate that GPR126 might be important in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal ligament tissues through regulating the cytodifferentiation of HPDL cells. The GPR126 SNP rs536714306 negatively influences this homeostasis, leading to the development of AgP, suggesting that it is a candidate genetic risk factor for AgP in the Japanese population.