Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 508 - 513
• Main Authors: Ford, H E, Peters, V, Martin, N M, Sleeth, M L, Ghatei, M A, Frost, G S, Bloom, S R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/443; 631/45/776/198; 631/92/72/1201; Addition polymerization; Adult; Appetite; Appetite - drug effects; Artificial sweeteners; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - analysis; Clinical Nutrition; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism; Gastrointestinal system; Gastrointestinal tract; Glucagon; glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Hormones; Humans; In vivo methods and tests; Ingestion; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Internal Medicine; Male; Maltodextrin; maltodextrins; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Nutrition research; Obesity; original-article; peptide YY; Peptide YY - blood; Peptides; Polymers; Public Health; Ratings; secretion; Single-Blind Method; Stimulation; Sucralose; Sucrose - analogs & derivatives; Sucrose - pharmacology; Sweet taste; Sweetening Agents - pharmacology; Sweetness; Taste; Taste receptors; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Young Adult; United Kingdom; gut hormone; appetite; sweetener; obesity; sucralose; Appetite; Hormone; Obesity; Healthy subject; Digestive system; Nutrition disorder; Gut; Oral administration; Metabolic diseases; Weight; Ingestion; Sweetener; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.291

Background/Objective: The sweet-taste receptor (T1r2+T1r3) is expressed by enteroendocrine L-cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Application of sucralose (a non-calorific, non-metabolisable sweetener) to L-cells in vitro stimulates glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion, an effect that is inhibited with co-administration of a T1r2+T1r3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomised, single-blinded, crossover study in eight healthy subjects to investigate whether oral ingestion of sucralose could stimulate L-cell-derived GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) release in vivo . Methods: Fasted subjects were studied on 4 study days in random order. Subjects consumed 50 ml of either water, sucralose (0.083% w/v), a non-sweet, glucose-polymer matched for sweetness with sucralose addition (50% w/v maltodextrin+0.083% sucralose) or a modified sham-feeding protocol (MSF=oral stimulation) of sucralose (0.083% w/v). Appetite ratings and plasma GLP-1, PYY, insulin and glucose were measured at regular time points for 120 min. At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was measured. Results: Sucralose ingestion did not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY. MSF of sucralose did not elicit a cephalic phase response for insulin or GLP-1. Maltodextrin ingestion significantly increased insulin and glucose compared with water ( P <0.001). Appetite ratings and energy intake were similar for all groups. Conclusions: At this dose, oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY concentrations and hence, does not reduce appetite in healthy subjects. Oral stimulation with sucralose had no effect on GLP-1, insulin or appetite.