Phylogenetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in Indonesia from 2003–2007

The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in Indonesia, twenty-four H5N1 viruses iso...

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Published in	Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 390; no. 1; pp. 13 - 21
Main Authors	Takano, Ryo, Nidom, Chairul A., Kiso, Maki, Muramoto, Yukiko, Yamada, Shinya, Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko, Macken, Catherine, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 20.07.2009
Subjects	Animals classification Evolution Evolution, Molecular Genes, Viral genetics Genotype H5N1 subtype Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics hemagglutinins Humans Indonesia Infectious Disease Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - isolation & purification isolation & purification Molecular Sequence Data Phylogenetic analysis Phylogeny Poultry Poultry - virology reassortant viruses Reassortment Time Factors virology Indonesia Phylogenetic analysis Evolution H5N1 subtype Reassortment Influenza Indonesia
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Abstract	The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in Indonesia, twenty-four H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry from 2003 to 2007 were phylogenetically characterized. Although previous studies exclusively classified the Indonesian viruses into clades 2.1.1–2.1.3, our phylogenetic analyses showed a new sublineage that did not belong to any of the present clades. In addition, novel reassortant viruses were identified that emerged between this new sublineage and other clades in 2005–2006 on Java Island. H5N1 viruses were introduced from Java Island to Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra Island on multiple occasions from 2003–2007, causing the geographical expansion of these viruses in Indonesia. These findings identify Java Island as the epicenter of the Indonesian H5N1 virus expansion.
AbstractList	The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in Indonesia, twenty-four H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry from 2003 to 2007 were phylogenetically characterized. Although previous studies exclusively classified the Indonesian viruses into clades 2.1.1-2.1.3, our phylogenetic analyses showed a new sublineage that did not belong to any of the present clades. In addition, novel reassortant viruses were identified that emerged between this new sublineage and other clades in 2005-2006 on Java Island. H5N1 viruses were introduced from Java Island to Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra Island on multiple occasions from 2003-2007, causing the geographical expansion of these viruses in Indonesia. These findings identify Java Island as the epicenter of the Indonesian H5N1 virus expansion. Abstract The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in Indonesia, twenty-four H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry from 2003 to 2007 were phylogenetically characterized. Although previous studies exclusively classified the Indonesian viruses into clades 2.1.1–2.1.3, our phylogenetic analyses showed a new sublineage that did not belong to any of the present clades. In addition, novel reassortant viruses were identified that emerged between this new sublineage and other clades in 2005–2006 on Java Island. H5N1 viruses were introduced from Java Island to Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra Island on multiple occasions from 2003–2007, causing the geographical expansion of these viruses in Indonesia. These findings identify Java Island as the epicenter of the Indonesian H5N1 virus expansion. The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in Indonesia, twenty-four H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry from 2003 to 2007 were phylogenetically characterized. Although previous studies exclusively classified the Indonesian viruses into clades 2.1.1-2.1.3, our phylogenetic analyses showed a new sub-lineage that did not belong to any of the present clades. In addition, novel reassortant viruses were identified that emerged between this new sub-lineage and other clades in 2005-2006 on Java Island. H5N1 viruses were introduced from Java Island to Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra Island on multiple occasions from 2003-2007, causing the geographical expansion of these viruses in Indonesia. These findings identify Java Island as the epicenter of the Indonesian H5N1 virus expansion.
Author	Macken, Catherine Nidom, Chairul A. Kawaoka, Yoshihiro Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko Muramoto, Yukiko Kiso, Maki Yamada, Shinya Takano, Ryo
AuthorAffiliation	3 Collaborating Research Center-Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia 5 International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 1 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 4 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia 6 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA – name: 5 International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan – name: 3 Collaborating Research Center-Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia – name: 1 Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan – name: 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia – name: 6 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Snippet	The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human... Abstract The wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of...
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SubjectTerms	Animals classification Evolution Evolution, Molecular Genes, Viral genetics Genotype H5N1 subtype Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics hemagglutinins Humans Indonesia Infectious Disease Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - isolation & purification isolation & purification Molecular Sequence Data Phylogenetic analysis Phylogeny Poultry Poultry - virology reassortant viruses Reassortment Time Factors virology
Title	Phylogenetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in Indonesia from 2003–2007
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