Effects of dietary saturated fat on LDL subclasses and apolipoprotein CIII in men

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 66; no. 11; pp. 1229 - 1233
• Main Authors: Faghihnia, N, Mangravite, L M, Chiu, S, Bergeron, N, Krauss, R M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/443/592/75; 631/45/287/1191; Adult; Aged; Animals; Apolipoprotein C-III; Apolipoprotein C-III - blood; Apolipoproteins; Beef; Biological and medical sciences; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced; Cattle; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Clinical Nutrition; Context; Cross-Over Studies; Density; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - adverse effects; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; Fatty Acids - adverse effects; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health aspects; Heart diseases; High fat diet; High protein diet; Humans; Internal Medicine; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Low density lipoprotein; Low fat diet; Male; Meat; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Oils & fats; original-article; Plasma levels; Proteins; Public Health; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Saturated fatty acids; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Young Adult; United States; saturated fat; cardiovascular disease; diet; LDL subfractions; low-density lipoprotein; apolipoprotein CIII; Human; Lipids; Cholesterol LDL; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Saturated fat; Feeding; Lipoprotein LDL; Diet; Saturated fatty acid; Apolipoprotein CIII
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.118

Background/objectives: Small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and apolipoprotein (apo) CIII are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can be modulated by diet, but there is little information regarding the effects of dietary saturated fat on their plasma levels. We tested the effects of high vs low saturated fat intake in the context of a high beef protein diet on levels and composition of LDL subclasses and on apoCIII levels in plasma and LDL. Subjects/methods: Following consumption of a baseline diet (50% carbohydrate (CHO), 13% protein, 38% total fat, 15% saturated fat) for 3 weeks, 14 healthy men were randomly assigned to two reduced CHO high beef protein diets (31% CHO, 31% protein, 38% fat) that differed in saturated fat content (15% vs 8%) for 3 weeks each in a crossover design. Results: The high saturated fat (HSF) diet resulted in higher mass concentrations of buoyant LDL I, medium density LDL II and dense LDL III, but not the very dense LDL IV; and significant increases in plasma and LDL apoCIII concentration of 9.4% and 33.5%, respectively. The saturated fat-induced changes in LDL apoCIII were specifically correlated with changes in apoCIII content of LDL IV. Conclusions: Taken together with previous observations, these findings suggest that, at least in the context of a lower CHO high beef protein diet, HSF intake may increase CVD risk by metabolic processes that involve apoCIII.