A Glimpse of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome from Comparative Genomics of S. suis 2 Chinese Isolates
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 2; no. 3; p. e315 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
21.03.2007
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood.
To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of approximately 89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence.
To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. |
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| AbstractList | Background
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood.
Methods and Findings
To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of ∼89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of ~89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. Background Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood. Methods and Findings To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of ∼89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. BackgroundStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood.Methods and findingsTo elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of approximately 89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood.BACKGROUNDStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood.To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of approximately 89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence.METHODS AND FINDINGSTo elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of approximately 89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence.To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections.CONCLUSIONSTo our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. Background Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood. Methods and Findings To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of ~89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, etc. Very recently, SS2 has been recognized as an etiological agent for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which was originally associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in Streptococci. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STSS are poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic determinants of STSS caused by SS2, whole genome sequencing of 3 different Chinese SS2 strains was undertaken. Comparative genomics accompanied by several lines of experiments, including experimental animal infection, PCR assay, and expression analysis, were utilized to further dissect a candidate pathogenicity island (PAI). Here we show, for the first time, a novel molecular insight into Chinese isolates of highly invasive SS2, which caused two large-scale human STSS outbreaks in China. A candidate PAI of approximately 89 kb in length, which is designated 89K and specific for Chinese SS2 virulent isolates, was investigated at the genomic level. It shares the universal properties of PAIs such as distinct GC content, consistent with its pivotal role in STSS and high virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first PAI candidate from S. suis worldwide. Our finding thus sheds light on STSS triggered by SS2 at the genomic level, facilitates further understanding of its pathogenesis and points to directions of development on some effective strategies to combat highly pathogenic SS2 infections. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Zhu, Xinxing Li, Ming Wang, Changjun Ge, Junchao Zheng, Feng Dong, Yaqing Sun, Wen Feng, Tao Tang, Jiaqi Chen, Chen Gao, George F. Pan, Xiuzhen Liu, Di Yu, Jun Dong, Wei Yang, Huanming Wang, Jian Feng, Youjun Guo, Zhaobiao Wang, Jun Wang, Jing Song, Yajun Sun, Haibo Jiang, Yongqiang Ju, Aiping Yan, Jinghua Wang, Xiaoning Yang, Ruifu |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 8 China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Duke University Medical Center, United States of America 9 Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 7 The Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark 2 Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, China 5 James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 6 School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 3 Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 4 Center for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China – name: 4 Center for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China – name: Duke University Medical Center, United States of America – name: 9 Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China – name: 6 School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China – name: 7 The Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark – name: 2 Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, China – name: 5 James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China – name: 8 China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China – name: 1 Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chen – sequence: 2 givenname: Jiaqi surname: Tang fullname: Tang, Jiaqi – sequence: 3 givenname: Wei surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Wei – sequence: 4 givenname: Changjun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Changjun – sequence: 5 givenname: Youjun surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Youjun – sequence: 6 givenname: Jing surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jing – sequence: 7 givenname: Feng surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Feng – sequence: 8 givenname: Xiuzhen surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Xiuzhen – sequence: 9 givenname: Di surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Di – sequence: 10 givenname: Ming surname: Li fullname: Li, Ming – sequence: 11 givenname: Yajun surname: Song fullname: Song, Yajun – sequence: 12 givenname: Xinxing surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Xinxing – sequence: 13 givenname: Haibo surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Haibo – sequence: 14 givenname: Tao surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Tao – sequence: 15 givenname: Zhaobiao surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Zhaobiao – sequence: 16 givenname: Aiping surname: Ju fullname: Ju, Aiping – sequence: 17 givenname: Junchao surname: Ge fullname: Ge, Junchao – sequence: 18 givenname: Yaqing surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Yaqing – sequence: 19 givenname: Wen surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Wen – sequence: 20 givenname: Yongqiang surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Yongqiang – sequence: 21 givenname: Jun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jun – sequence: 22 givenname: Jinghua surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Jinghua – sequence: 23 givenname: Huanming surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Huanming – sequence: 24 givenname: Xiaoning surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xiaoning – sequence: 25 givenname: George F. surname: Gao fullname: Gao, George F. – sequence: 26 givenname: Ruifu surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Ruifu – sequence: 27 givenname: Jian surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jian – sequence: 28 givenname: Jun surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Jun |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375201$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the hallmarks of... Background Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the... BackgroundStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the... Background Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing more than 200 cases of severe human infection worldwide, with the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis Animal experimentation Animals Antiarthritic agents Antigens Arthritis Chen Chen China Disease Disease Models, Animal Disease Outbreaks DNA sequencing DNA, Bacterial - genetics Epidemiology Etiology Five year plans Gene sequencing Genetics and Genomics Genome, Bacterial Genomes Genomics Health aspects Humans Immunology Infections Infectious Diseases Laboratories Listeria Medicine Meningitis Microbiology Molecular modelling Outbreaks Oxidative stress Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Pathogens Polyamide-imides Polymerase Chain Reaction Proteins Regulation Science Sensitivity and Specificity Septic shock Septicemia Shock, Septic - epidemiology Shock, Septic - microbiology Streptococcal Infections - genetics Streptococcal Infections - microbiology Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Streptococcus Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus suis - genetics Streptococcus suis - isolation & purification Streptococcus suis - pathogenicity Swine Swine Diseases - microbiology Toxic shock syndrome Virulence Xanthomonas campestris Zoonoses |
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| Title | A Glimpse of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome from Comparative Genomics of S. suis 2 Chinese Isolates |
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