Mechanism of human PTEN localization revealed by heterologous expression in Dictyostelium

• Published in: Oncogene Vol. 33; no. 50; pp. 5688 - 5696
• Main Authors: Nguyen, H N, Afkari, Y, Senoo, H, Sesaki, H, Devreotes, P N, Iijima, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.12.2014; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/67/581; 631/80/389; Apoptosis; Cancer; Cell Biology; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cells, Cultured; Cellular biology; Dictyostelium; Dictyostelium - genetics; Gene Expression; Genetic aspects; Green fluorescent protein; Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics; Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism; HEK293 Cells; Human Genetics; Humans; Internal Medicine; Localization; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Oncology; original-article; Phosphatase; Phosphatases; Phosphatidylinositol; Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; Phosphorylation; Properties; Protein expression; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs - genetics; Protein research; Protein Transport - genetics; PTEN Phosphohydrolase - chemistry; PTEN Phosphohydrolase - genetics; PTEN Phosphohydrolase - metabolism; PTEN protein; Recombinant Proteins - genetics; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism; Tensin; Transfection; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumors; PTEN; membrane localization; mutational analysis
• ISSN: 0950-9232; 1476-5594
• DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.507

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in cancers. PTEN has a central role in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) signaling and converts PIP3 to phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate at the plasma membrane. Despite its importance, the mechanism that mediates membrane localization of PTEN is poorly understood. Here, we generated a library that contains green fluorescent protein fused to randomly mutated human PTEN and expressed the library in Dictyostelium cells. Using live cell imaging, we identified mutations that enhance the association of PTEN with the plasma membrane. These mutations were located in four separate regions, including the phosphatase catalytic site, the calcium-binding region 3 (CBR3) loop, the Cα2 loop and the C-terminal tail phosphorylation site. The phosphatase catalytic site, the CBR3 loop and the Cα2 loop formed the membrane-binding regulatory interface and interacted with the inhibitory phosphorylated C-terminal tail. Furthermore, we showed that membrane recruitment of PTEN is required for PTEN function in cells. Thus, heterologous expression system in Dictyostelium cells provides mechanistic and functional insight into membrane localization of PTEN.