Increased brain uptake and oxidation of acetate in heavy drinkers

• Published in: The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 123; no. 4; pp. 1605 - 1614
• Main Authors: Jiang, Lihong, Gulanski, Barbara Irene, De Feyter, Henk M., Weinzimer, Stuart A., Pittman, Brian, Guidone, Elizabeth, Koretski, Julia, Harman, Susan, Petrakis, Ismene L., Krystal, John H., Mason, Graeme F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01.04.2013
• Subjects: Acetates; Acetates - blood; Acetates - metabolism; Adenosine; Adult; Alcohol use; Alcoholics; Alcoholism - blood; Alcoholism - metabolism; Biomedical research; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Dehydrogenases; Drinking of alcoholic beverages; Ethanol; Female; Glucose; Glutamic Acid - metabolism; Glutamine - metabolism; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Kinetics; Light; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidation-reduction reaction; Physiological aspects; Plasma; Spectrum analysis; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0021-9738; 1558-8238; 1558-8238
• DOI: 10.1172/JCI65153

When a person consumes ethanol, the body quickly begins to convert it to acetic acid, which circulates in the blood and can serve as a source of energy for the brain and other organs. This study used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to test whether chronic heavy drinking is associated with greater brain uptake and oxidation of acetic acid, providing a potential metabolic reward or adenosinergic effect as a consequence of drinking. Seven heavy drinkers, who regularly consumed at least 8 drinks per week and at least 4 drinks per day at least once per week, and 7 light drinkers, who consumed fewer than 2 drinks per week were recruited. The subjects were administered [2-13C]acetate for 2 hours and scanned throughout that time with magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain to observe natural 13C abundance of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and the appearance of 13C-labeled glutamate, glutamine, and acetate. Heavy drinkers had approximately 2-fold more brain acetate relative to blood and twice as much labeled glutamate and glutamine. The results show that acetate transport and oxidation are faster in heavy drinkers compared with that in light drinkers. Our finding suggests that a new therapeutic approach to supply acetate during alcohol detoxification may be beneficial.