The physiological and molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid in response to stress: a review

• Published in: Biological research Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 46 - 15
• Main Authors: Anwar, Ali, Liu, Yumei, Dong, Rongrong, Bai, Longqiang, Yu, Xianchang, Li, Yansu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 12.11.2018; BioMed Central; Sociedad de Biología de Chile; BMC
• Subjects: Abiotic stress; Abscisic acid; Adenosine; Antioxidants; BIOLOGY; Biotic and abiotic stress; Brassinosteroids; Brassinosteroids - metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell division; Chlorophyll; Copper; Drought; Enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology; Heavy metals; High temperature; Hormones; Indoleacetic acid; Jasmonic acid; Kinases; Metabolism; Physiology; Plant growth; Proteins; Review; Salinity; Seeds; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - genetics; Signal Transduction - physiology; Stress, Physiological - genetics; Stress, Physiological - physiology; Transcription factors; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transduction; Zeatin; Zeatin riboside; Antioxidants; Brassinosteroids; Physiology; Biotic and abiotic stress; Biotic; abiotic stress
• ISSN: 0717-6287; 0716-9760; 0717-6287
• DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0195-2

The negative effects of environmental stresses, such as low temperature, high temperature, salinity, drought, heavy metal stress, and biotic stress significantly decrease crop productivity. Plant hormones are currently being used to induce stress tolerance in a variety of plants. Brassinosteroids (commonly known as BR) are a group of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of biological processes that lead to tolerance of various stresses in plants. BR stimulate BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANCE 1 (BZR1)/BRI1-EMS SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1), transcription factors that activate thousands of BR-targeted genes. BR regulate antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism to increase plant growth under stress. Mutants with BR defects have shortened root and shoot developments. Exogenous BR application increases the biosynthesis of endogenous hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, zeatin riboside, brassinosteroids (BR), and isopentenyl adenosine, and gibberellin (GA) and regulates signal transduction pathways to stimulate stress tolerance. This review will describe advancements in knowledge of BR and their roles in response to different stress conditions in plants.