Phantomless calibration of CT scans for hip fracture risk prediction in silico: Comparison with phantom-based calibration

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 19; no. 6; p. e0305474
• Main Authors: Szyszko, Julia A., Aldieri, Alessandra, La Mattina, Antonino A., Viceconti, Marco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 14.06.2024; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomedical materials; Body fat; Bone Density; Calibration; Compressive properties; Computed tomography; Computer Simulation; Computer software industry; CT imaging; Density; Diagnostic imaging; Female; Finite Element Analysis; Finite element method; Fractures; Hip Fractures - diagnostic imaging; Hip joint; Humans; Material properties; Mathematical models; Mechanical properties; Medical imaging; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Modulus of elasticity; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Orthopedics; Osteoporosis; Patients; Phantoms, Imaging; Post-menopause; Postmenopausal women; Regression analysis; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - standards; United States
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305474

Finite element models built from quantitative computed tomography images rely on element-wise mapping of material properties starting from Hounsfield Units (HU), which can be converted into mineral densities upon calibration. While calibration is preferably carried out by scanning a phantom with known-density components, conducting phantom-based calibration may not always be possible. In such cases, a phantomless procedure, where the scanned subject’s tissues are used as a phantom, is an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to compare a phantom-based and a phantomless calibration method on 41 postmenopausal women. The proposed phantomless calibration utilized air, adipose, and muscle tissues, with reference equivalent mineral density values of -797, -95, and 38 mg/cm 3 , extracted from a previously performed phantom-based calibration. A 9-slice volume of interest (VOI) centred between the femoral head and knee rotation centres was chosen. Reference HU values for air, adipose, and muscle tissues were extracted by identifying HU distribution peaks within the VOI, and patient-specific calibration was performed using linear regression. Comparison of FE models calibrated with the two methods showed average relative differences of 1.99% for Young’s modulus1.30% for tensile and 1.34% for compressive principal strains. Excellent correlations (R 2 > 0.99) were identified for superficial maximum tensile and minimum compressive strains. Maximum normalised root mean square relative error (RMSRE) values settled at 4.02% for Young’s modulus, 2.99% for tensile, and 3.22% for compressive principal strains, respectively. The good agreement found between the two methods supports the adoption of the proposed methodology when phantomless calibration is needed.