Underpinning sustainable vector control through informed insecticide resistance management

There has been rapid scale-up of malaria vector control in the last ten years. Both of the primary control strategies, long-lasting pyrethroid treated nets and indoor residual spraying, rely on the use of a limited number of insecticides. Insecticide resistance, as measured by bioassay, has rapidly...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 9; no. 6; p. e99822
Main Authors Thomsen, Edward K, Strode, Clare, Hemmings, Kay, Hughes, Angela J, Chanda, Emmanuel, Musapa, Mulenga, Kamuliwo, Mulakwa, Phiri, Faustina N, Muzia, Lucy, Chanda, Javan, Kandyata, Alister, Chirwa, Brian, Poer, Kathleen, Hemingway, Janet, Wondji, Charles S, Ranson, Hilary, Coleman, Michael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 16.06.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Summary:There has been rapid scale-up of malaria vector control in the last ten years. Both of the primary control strategies, long-lasting pyrethroid treated nets and indoor residual spraying, rely on the use of a limited number of insecticides. Insecticide resistance, as measured by bioassay, has rapidly increased in prevalence and has come to the forefront as an issue that needs to be addressed to maintain the sustainability of malaria control and the drive to elimination. Zambia's programme reported high levels of resistance to the insecticides it used in 2010, and, as a result, increased its investment in resistance monitoring to support informed resistance management decisions. A country-wide survey on insecticide resistance in Zambian malaria vectors was performed using WHO bioassays to detect resistant phenotypes. Molecular techniques were used to detect target-site mutations and microarray to detect metabolic resistance mechanisms. Anopheles gambiae s.s. was resistant to pyrethroids, DDT and carbamates, with potential organophosphate resistance in one population. The resistant phenotypes were conferred by both target-site and metabolic mechanisms. Anopheles funestus s.s. was largely resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates, with potential resistance to DDT in two locations. The resistant phenotypes were conferred by elevated levels of cytochrome p450s. Currently, the Zambia National Malaria Control Centre is using these results to inform their vector control strategy. The methods employed here can serve as a template to all malaria-endemic countries striving to create a sustainable insecticide resistance management plan.
Bibliography:Competing Interests: The authors MM, LM, BC, and KP are employed by a commercial company (Abt Associates). This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Current address: Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
Conceived and designed the experiments: MC CS EKT. Performed the experiments: CS AJH EC MM FNP LM JC AK KH. Analyzed the data: EKT CS MC AJH HR KH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BC KP JH MK CSW. Wrote the paper: EKT CS MC.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099822