Fluid balance-adjusted creatinine at initiation of continuous venovenous hemofiltration and mortality. A post-hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 6; p. e0197301
• Main Authors: Stads, Susanne, Schilder, Louise, Nurmohamed, S Azam, Bosch, Frank H, Purmer, Ilse M, den Boer, Sylvia S, Kleppe, Cynthia G, Vervloet, Marc G, Beishuizen, Albertus, Girbes, Armand R J, Ter Wee, Pieter M, Gommers, Diederik, Groeneveld, A B Johan, Oudemans-van Straaten, Heleen M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.06.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acute Kidney Injury - blood; Acute Kidney Injury - mortality; Acute Kidney Injury - therapy; Adjustment; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Bicarbonate; Bicarbonates; Biology and Life Sciences; Body weight; Care and treatment; Citric acid; Clinical trials; Creatinine; Creatinine - blood; Critical care; Data processing; Diagnosis; Dilution; Disease-Free Survival; Excretion; Female; Hemofiltration; Heparin; Hospitals; Humans; Injury analysis; Intensive care; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Male; Markers; Medical prognosis; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Mortality; Multivariate analysis; Muscles; Nephrology; Patient outcomes; Patients; Physical Sciences; Regression analysis; Renal function; Renal replacement therapy; Research and Analysis Methods; Studies; Survival Rate; Systematic review; Transplants & implants; Urine; Water-Electrolyte Balance; New Zealand; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197301

Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with high mortality. The creatinine-based stage of AKI is considered when deciding to start or delay RRT. However, creatinine is not only determined by renal function (excretion), but also by dilution (fluid balance) and creatinine generation (muscle mass). The aim of this study was to explore whether fluid balance-adjusted creatinine at initiation of RRT is related to 28-day mortality independent of other markers of AKI, surrogates of muscle mass and severity of disease. We performed a post-hoc analysis on data from the multicentre CASH trial comparing citrate to heparin anticoagulation during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). To determine whether fluid balance-adjusted creatinine was associated with 28-day mortality, we performed a logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders of creatinine generation (age, gender, body weight), other markers of AKI (creatinine, urine output) and severity of disease. Of the 139 patients, 32 patients were excluded. Of the 107 included patients, 36 died at 28 days (34%). Non-survivors were older, had higher APACHE II and inclusion SOFA scores, lower pH and bicarbonate, lower creatinine and fluid balance-adjusted creatinine at CVVH initiation. In multivariate analysis lower fluid balance-adjusted creatinine (OR 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999, p = 0.019), but not unadjusted creatinine, remained associated with 28-day mortality together with bicarbonate (OR 0.869, 95% CI 0.769-0.982, P = 0.024), while the APACHE II score non-significantly contributed to the model. In this post-hoc analysis of a multicentre trial, low fluid balance-adjusted creatinine at CVVH initiation was associated with 28-day mortality, independent of other markers of AKI, organ failure, and surrogates of muscle mass, while unadjusted creatinine was not. More tools are needed for better understanding of the complex determinants of "AKI classification", "CVVH initiation" and their relation with mortality, fluid balance is only one.