Plasma PCSK9 Levels Are Elevated with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Two Independent Retrospective Angiographic Studies

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 9; p. e106294
• Main Authors: Almontashiri, Naif A. M., Vilmundarson, Ragnar O., Ghasemzadeh, Nima, Dandona, Sonny, Roberts, Robert, Quyyumi, Arshed A., Chen, Hsiao-Huei, Stewart, Alexandre F. R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 02.09.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Anticholesteremic agents; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Biochemistry; Biological Specimen Banks; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood cholesterol; Canada; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Coronary Angiography; Coronary artery; Coronary Artery Disease - blood; Coronary vessels; Diabetes; Drugs; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Female; Genetics; Genomics; Health risk assessment; Heart; Heart attack; Heart attacks; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Immunology; Kexin; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein receptors; Low density lipoproteins; Male; Medical imaging; Medicine; Middle Aged; Mutation; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - blood; Myocardial Infarction - drug therapy; Proprotein Convertase 9; Proprotein convertases; Proprotein Convertases - blood; Receptor density; Retrospective Studies; Secretion; Serine Endopeptidases - blood; Stenosis; Studies; Subtilisin; Canada; Montreal Quebec Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106294

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulating protein that promotes degradation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Mutations that block PCSK9 secretion reduce LDL-cholesterol and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). However, it remains unclear whether elevated plasma PCSK9 associates with coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) or more directly with rupture of the plaque causing MI. Plasma PCSK9 was measured by ELISA in 645 angiographically defined controls (<30% coronary stenosis) and 3,273 cases of CAD (>50% stenosis in a major coronary artery) from the Ottawa Heart Genomics Study. Because lipid lowering medications elevated plasma PCSK9, confounding association with disease, only individuals not taking a lipid lowering medication were considered (279 controls and 492 with CAD). Replication was sought in 357 controls and 465 with CAD from the Emory Cardiology Biobank study. PCSK9 levels were not associated with CAD in Ottawa, but were elevated with CAD in Emory. Plasma PCSK9 levels were elevated in 45 cases with acute MI (363.5±140.0 ng/ml) compared to 398 CAD cases without MI (302.0±91.3 ng/ml, p = 0.004) in Ottawa. This finding was replicated in the Emory study in 74 cases of acute MI (445.0±171.7 ng/ml) compared to 273 CAD cases without MI (369.9±139.1 ng/ml, p = 3.7×10(-4)). Since PCSK9 levels were similar in CAD patients with or without a prior (non-acute) MI, our finding suggests that plasma PCSK9 is elevated either immediately prior to or at the time of MI. Plasma PCSK9 levels are increased with acute MI.