Two-stage revision arthroplasty for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis periprosthetic joint infection: An outcome analysis

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 9; p. e0203585
• Main Authors: Chang, Chih-Hsiang, Hu, Chih-Chien, Chang, Yuhan, Hsieh, Pang-Hsin, Shih, Hsin-Nung, Ueng, Steve Wen-Neng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 07.09.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Arthritis; Arthroplasty; Arthroplasty (hip); Arthroplasty (knee); Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - instrumentation; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - instrumentation; Bacterial infections; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomedical materials; Bone cements; Bone Cements - chemistry; Bone implants; Bone surgery; Cement; Chronic infection; Combined Modality Therapy; Complications and side effects; Demographic variables; Demographics; Disease control; Eradication; Exchanging; Female; Hip; Hospitals; Humans; Infections; Joint diseases; Joint surgery; Knee; Longitudinal Studies; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - pathogenicity; Orthopedics; Patients; Physical Sciences; Polymethyl methacrylate; Prostheses; Prosthesis-Related Infections - mortality; Prosthesis-Related Infections - therapy; Reoperation; Replantation - adverse effects; Replantation - instrumentation; Risk factors; Streptomycin; Streptomycin - administration & dosage; Streptomycin - chemistry; Streptomycin - therapeutic use; Success; Surgical implants; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular - mortality; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular - therapy; Taiwan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203585

Mycobacterium tuberculosis periprosthetic joint infection (TBPJI) is a rare complication of hip/knee joint arthroplasty. The outcomes of hip/knee TBPJI treatment are still unreported. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of hip/knee TBPJI following treatment with two-stage exchange arthroplasty. From 2003 to 2013, 11 patients with TBPJI (six hips and five knees) were treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty at our institution. We collected and analyzed variables including demographic data, comorbidities, microbiological data, duration of symptoms, and types of antibiotic used in bone cement. At the most recent follow-up, the success rate of two-stage exchange arthroplasty was 63.3% (7 of 11). All five knee treatments resulted in infection eradication and successful prosthesis reimplantation. However, only two hip TBPJI treatments resulted in successful outcomes; two patients died and two experienced chronic infection. Overall, secondary bacterial infections were common in patients with TBPJI (5 of 11 cases, 45.5%). Streptomycin in bone cement increased the success rate (83.33% vs. 40%). More than one third of the patients treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty for TBPJI showed infection relapse or uncontrolled infection. Streptomycin-loaded interim cement spacers appeared to help ensure successful treatment. Routine M. tuberculosis culture is recommended when treating TBPJI in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence.