Identification of serum microRNA signatures for diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in a closed head injury model

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 11; p. e112019
• Main Authors: Sharma, Anuj, Chandran, Raghavendar, Barry, Erin S, Bhomia, Manish, Hutchison, Mary Anne, Balakathiresan, Nagaraja S, Grunberg, Neil E, Maheshwari, Radha K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 07.11.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acoustic startle response; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bioinformatics; Biology and Life Sciences; Brain; Brain - physiopathology; Brain injuries; Brain Injuries - blood; Brain Injuries - complications; Brain Injuries - diagnosis; Brain Injuries - genetics; Computational Biology; Diagnosis; Diagnostic systems; Gene Expression Profiling; Head injuries; Head Injuries, Closed - complications; Health risks; Injuries; Injury analysis; Laboratories; Locomotion; Male; Medical diagnosis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs - blood; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; Neurological diseases; Reflex, Startle; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Rodents; Startle response; Stem cells; Traumatic brain injury; United States > US; Maryland; Iraq
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112019

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problems of diagnosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MTBI is a heterogeneous injury that may lead to the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. In the absence of specific diagnostic markers, mTBI is often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. In this study, mice were induced with increasing levels of mTBI and microRNA (miRNA) changes in the serum were determined. MTBI was induced by varying weight and fall height of the impactor rod resulting in four different severity grades of the mTBI. Injuries were characterized as mild by assessing with the neurobehavioral severity scale-revised (NSS-R) at day 1 post injury. Open field locomotion and acoustic startle response showed behavioral and sensory motor deficits in 3 of the 4 injury groups at day 1 post injury. All of the animals recovered after day 1 with no significant neurobehavioral alteration by day 30 post injury. Serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles clearly differentiated injured from uninjured animals. Overall, the number of miRNAs that were significantly modulated in injured animals over the sham controls increased with the severity of the injury. Thirteen miRNAs were found to identify mTBI regardless of its severity within the mild spectrum of injury. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the more severe brain injuries were associated with a greater number of miRNAs involved in brain related functions. The evaluation of serum miRNA may help to identify the severity of brain injury and the risk of developing adverse effects after TBI.