Country-specific costs of implementing the WHO FCTC tobacco control policies and potential financing sources

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 10; p. e0204903
• Main Authors: Shang, Ce, Yadav, Amit, Stoklosa, Michal, Kontsevaya, Anna, Lewis, Fabian B, Pana, Adrian, Reyes, Irene
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 03.10.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer; Cigarettes; Control; Costs; Costs and Cost Analysis; Excise taxes; Fatalities; Financing; GDP; Gross Domestic Product; Health aspects; Health care expenditures; Humans; Income; Indicators; International Cooperation; Level indicators; Medicine and Health Sciences; People and places; Policies; Public health; Public Policy; Revenue; Simulation; Smoking; Smoking - economics; Smoking - mortality; Smoking Prevention - economics; Smoking Prevention - methods; Social Sciences; Tax increases; Tax revenues; Taxation; Taxes; Taxes - economics; Taxes - legislation & jurisprudence; Tobacco; Tobacco habit; Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence; Tobacco Products - economics; Working groups; World Health Organization; Atlanta Georgia; United States > US; Oklahoma
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204903

One of the major obstacles to the full implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) tobacco control measures is the lack of sustainable financing resources. To update and simulate country-specific indicators that are highly relevant to the costs and financial resources of the treaty policy implementation. We also developed an Excel tool for simulation and assessed the aggregated-level indicators by the 2016 World Bank income groups. Using mostly 2016 data or 2014-15 data if 2016 one are not available, we updated five indicators relevant to the treaty implementation, which are the gap between current and desirable policy implementation, cigarette affordability, the costs of implementing best- buy tobacco control policies, the number of smoking-attributable deaths, and the simulated tax revenue resulting from a $1 tax increase. We also aggregated indicators and simulation results by the World Bank income groups, encompassing the five indicators and the reduction in smoking and in attributable deaths due to a hypothetical 1I$ tax increase. Finally, the policy implementation cost was compared with tax revenue and revenue increases. As of 2016, smoking remains one of the leading causes of premature deaths worldwide while the implementation of best-buy tobacco control policies was below the recommended levels. Meanwhile, there was room to further increase cigarette taxes and prices, as cigarettes remained affordable in many countries. The total costs of implementing best-buy policies in the next 15 years merely account for 8.3% of the 2016 excise tax revenue, indicating that a small proportion of annual tax revenue could fund the implementation of tobacco control policies recommended by the WHO FCTC. Increasing taxes could have a multiplier impact on curbing tobacco use through aiding the implementation of the WHO FCTC.