Mortality Dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immatures in Maize

We characterized the dynamics of mortality factors affecting immature developmental stages of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Multiple decrement life tables for egg and early larval stages of S. frugiperda in maize (Zea mays L.) fields were developed w...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e0130437
Main Authors Varella, Andrea Corrêa, Menezes-Netto, Alexandre Carlos, Alonso, Juliana Duarte de Souza, Caixeta, Daniel Ferreira, Peterson, Robert K D, Fernandes, Odair Aparecido
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 22.06.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Animal behavior
Animals
Biological Control Agents
Brazil
Corn
Crambidae
Developmental stages
Drowning
Ecology
Eggs
Experiments
Foraging behavior
Health aspects
Hymenoptera
Laboratories
Larva
Larvae
Lepidoptera
Life tables
Mortality
Mortality factors
Noctuidae
Parasitoids
Platygastridae
Precipitation
Predation
Predatory Behavior
Rainfall
Seasons
Sorghum
Spodoptera - growth & development
Spodoptera frugiperda
Telenomus remus
Trichogramma
Wasps
Zea mays
Brazil
United States > US
Montana
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Summary:We characterized the dynamics of mortality factors affecting immature developmental stages of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Multiple decrement life tables for egg and early larval stages of S. frugiperda in maize (Zea mays L.) fields were developed with and without augmentative releases of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from 2009 to 2011. Total egg mortality ranged from 73 to 81% and the greatest egg mortality was due to inviability, dislodgement, and predation. Parasitoids did not cause significant mortality in egg or early larval stages and the releases of T. remus did not increase egg mortality. Greater than 95% of early larvae died from predation, drowning, and dislodgment by rainfall. Total mortality due to these factors was largely irreplaceable. Results indicate that a greater effect in reducing generational survival may be achieved by adding mortality to the early larval stage of S. frugiperda.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: ACV ACMN OAF. Performed the experiments: ACV ACMN JDSA DFC. Analyzed the data: ACV RKDP OAF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RKDP OAF. Wrote the paper: ACV ACMN JDSA DFC RKDP OAF.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0130437