Acute Effects of Modafinil on Brain Resting State Networks in Young Healthy Subjects

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 8; no. 7; p. e69224
• Main Authors: Esposito, Roberto, Cilli, Franco, Pieramico, Valentina, Ferretti, Antonio, Macchia, Antonella, Tommasi, Marco, Saggino, Aristide, Ciavardelli, Domenico, Manna, Antonietta, Navarra, Riccardo, Cieri, Filippo, Stuppia, Liborio, Tartaro, Armando, Sensi, Stefano L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 25.07.2013; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acute effects; Addiction; Addictions; Adult; Aging; Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Attention; Attention - drug effects; Attention - physiology; Benzhydryl Compounds - pharmacology; Biology; Brain; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiology; Brain Mapping; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; Cognitive enhancement; Comparative analysis; Dopamine; Double-Blind Method; Drug abuse; Drug dosages; Drugs; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Humans; Localization; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medicine; Memory; Modafinil; Networks; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Neurology; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Nootropic agents; Nootropic Agents - pharmacology; Placebos; Protocol (computers); Psychopharmacology; Side effects; Statistical analysis; Studies; United States > US; Italy; California
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069224

There is growing debate on the use of drugs that promote cognitive enhancement. Amphetamine-like drugs have been employed as cognitive enhancers, but they show important side effects and induce addiction. In this study, we investigated the use of modafinil which appears to have less side effects compared to other amphetamine-like drugs. We analyzed effects on cognitive performances and brain resting state network activity of 26 healthy young subjects. A single dose (100 mg) of modafinil was administered in a double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Both groups were tested for neuropsychological performances with the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices II set (APM) before and three hours after administration of drug or placebo. Resting state functional magnetic resonance (rs-FMRI) was also used, before and after three hours, to investigate changes in the activity of resting state brain networks. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was employed to evaluate differences in structural connectivity between the two groups. Protocol ID: Modrest_2011; NCT01684306; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01684306. Results indicate that a single dose of modafinil improves cognitive performance as assessed by APM. Rs-fMRI showed that the drug produces a statistically significant increased activation of Frontal Parietal Control (FPC; p<0.04) and Dorsal Attention (DAN; p<0.04) networks. No modifications in structural connectivity were observed. Overall, our findings support the notion that modafinil has cognitive enhancing properties and provide functional connectivity data to support these effects. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01684306 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01684306.