hPL promotes osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in 3D scaffolds

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 5; p. e0215667
• Main Authors: Jafar, Hanan, Abuarqoub, Duaa, Ababneh, Nidaa, Hasan, Maram, Al-Sotari, Shrouq, Aslam, Nazneen, Kailani, Mohammed, Ammoush, Mohammed, Shraideh, Ziad, Awidi, Abdalla
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 07.05.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biological effects; Biological products; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Biotechnology; Blood platelets; Blood Platelets - metabolism; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Clinical trials; Culture media; Differentiation (biology); Electron microscopy; Fetal calf serum; Gene expression; Growth conditions; Health aspects; Humans; Ligaments; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchyme; Methods; Microscopy; Molars; Odontogenesis - drug effects; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Patient outcomes; Periodontal ligament; Physical Sciences; Polylactic acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer - chemistry; Polylactide-co-glycolide; Regeneration; Research and Analysis Methods; Scaffolds; Scanning electron microscopy; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Stem Cells - cytology; Stem Cells - drug effects; Teeth; Tissue engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215667

Human platelet lysate (hPL) has been considered as the preferred supplement for the xeno-free stem cell culture for many years. However, the biological effect of hPL on the proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells combined with the use of medical grade synthetic biomaterial is still under investigation. Thus, the optimal scaffold composition, cell type and specific growth conditions, yet need to be formulated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of dental stem cells seeded on synthetic scaffolds and maintained in osteogenic media supplemented with either hPL or xeno-derived fetal bovine serum (FBS). Two types of dental stem cells were isolated from human impacted third molars and intact teeth; stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Cells were expanded in cell culture media supplemented with either hPL or FBS. Consequently, proliferative capacity, immunophenotypic characteristics and multilineage differentiation potential of the derived cells were evaluated on monolayer culture (2D) and on synthetic scaffolds fabricated from poly 'lactic-co-glycolic' acid (PLGA) (3D). The functionality of the induced cells was examined by measuring the concentration of osteogenic markers ALP, OCN and OPN at different time points. Our results indicate that the isolated dental stem cells showed similar mesenchymal characteristics when cultured on hPL or FBS-containing culture media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and H&E staining revealed the proper adherence of the derived cells on the 3D scaffold cultures. Moreover, the increase in the concentration of osteogenic markers proved that hPL was able to produce functional osteoblasts in both culture conditions (2D and 3D), in a way similar to FBS culture. These results reveal that hPL provides a suitable substitute to the animal-derived serum, for the growth and functionality of both SCAP and PDLSCs. Thus the use of hPL, in combination with PLGA scaffolds, can be useful in future clinical trials for dental regeneration.