In vitro assessment of nanosilver-functionalized PMMA bone cement on primary human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 12; p. e114740
• Main Authors: Pauksch, Linda, Hartmann, Sonja, Szalay, Gabor, Alt, Volker, Lips, Katrin S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 08.12.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Aminoglycosides; Analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics; Apoptosis - drug effects; Bacteria; Biocompatibility; Biological products; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone cements; Bone Cements - chemistry; Bone implants; Cell culture; Cell differentiation; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell number; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Cement; Cytotoxicity; Differentiation (biology); Engineering and Technology; Gentamicin; Gentamicins - pharmacology; Health aspects; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infection; Infections; Laboratories; Materials Testing; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Morphology; Multidrug resistance; Multidrug resistant organisms; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Orthopedics; Osteoblasts; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteogenesis; Penicillin; Polymethyl methacrylate; Polymethyl Methacrylate - chemistry; Polymethylmethacrylate; Prostheses; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Research and Analysis Methods; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger - genetics; Silver; Silver - chemistry; Stem cells; Stress; Stresses; Sulfur; Supplementation; Surgery; Surgical implants; Viability; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114740

Peri-prosthetic infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem in surgery and orthopedics. The aim is to introduce biomaterials that avoid implant-related infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. The efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against a broad spectrum of bacteria and against multiresistant pathogens has been repeatedly described. In the present study polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement functionalized with AgNP and/or gentamicin were tested regarding their biocompatibility with bone forming cells. Therefore, influences on viability, cell number and differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation media (MSC-OM) caused by the implant materials were studied. Furthermore, the growth behavior and the morphology of the cells on the testing material were observed. Finally, we examined the induction of cell stress, regarding antioxidative defense and endoplasmatic reticulum stress. We demonstrated similar cytocompatibility of PMMA loaded with AgNP compared to plain PMMA or PMMA loaded with gentamicin. There was no decrease in cell number, viability and osteogenic differentiation and no induction of cell stress for all three PMMA variants after 21 days. Addition of gentamicin to AgNP-loaded PMMA led to a slight decrease in osteogenic differentiation. Also an increase in cell stress was detectable for PMMA loaded with gentamicin and AgNP. In conclusion, supplementation of PMMA bone cement with gentamicin, AgNP, and both results in bone implants with an antibacterial potency and suitable cytocompatibility in MSCs and MSC-OM.