Heavy metal pollution and associated health risk assessment of urban dust in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 17; no. 1; p. e0261957
• Main Authors: Alghamdi, Abdulaziz G, El-Saeid, Mohamed H, Alzahrani, Abdulhakim J, Ibrahim, Hesham M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.01.2022; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Air pollution; Anthropogenic factors; Biology and Life Sciences; Cadmium; Chromium; Cities; Copper; Dust; Dust - analysis; Earth crust; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Environmental aspects; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Environmental quality; Food; Health aspects; Health hazards; Health problems; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Heavy metals; Lead; Manganese; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metal concentrations; Metals; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Nervous system; Nickel; Particle size; People and Places; Physical Sciences; Pollutants; Pollution; Pollution index; Pollution load; Risk assessment; Saudi Arabia; Soil sciences; Statistical analysis; Urbanization; Zinc; Saudi Arabia; Cities; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261957

Depending on their particle size and concentration, heavy metals in urban dust pose a health hazard to humans. This study investigated the total concentration, health risk, integrated pollution load index (IPI), and enrichment factor (EF) of various heavy metals in urban dust at different locations in Riyadh City. Surface dust samples were collected from 50 different residential yards in the north, south, west, east, and central corners of the city and analyzed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). With respect to concentrations heavy metals were in the following order Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. The EF trends exposed repeated anthropogenic activities were responsible for Mn, Cr, and Ni, while Pb, Zn, and Cu appeared to come from Earth's crust. Since the heavy metal concentrations were lower than the threshold values, children and adults are exposed to lower health risk in investigated area. Also, there are no pollution of heavy metals in the dust with respect to IPI which is less than the critical limit (<1) with the exception of a sampling location in north side of the city with higher IPI showed unhealthy respiration conditions in particular areas. It was concluded that rapid industrialization and urbanization and their concentrations in dust may cause health problems in near future in north side as well as other sides of Riyadh City.