Factors Influencing Aqueous Proinflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors in Uveitic Glaucoma

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 1; p. e0147080
• Main Authors: Ohira, Saori, Inoue, Toshihiro, Iwao, Keiichiro, Takahashi, Eri, Tanihara, Hidenobu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 15.01.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adrenal Cortex Hormones - metabolism; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anterior chamber; Aqueous Humor - metabolism; Care and treatment; Cataracts; Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism; Chemokines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Diagnosis; Female; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle - metabolism; Growth factors; Humans; Immunoassay; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 8; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Interleukin-8 - metabolism; Life sciences; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Multiplexing; Patients; Physiological aspects; Platelet-derived growth factor; Proteins; Surgery; Transforming growth factor; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Uveitis; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; United States
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147080

To analyze the effects of factors on aqueous humor proinflammatory cytokine and growth factor levels in patients with uveitic glaucoma (UG). In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 143 participants: 1) UG patients (n = 39); 2) primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (n = 36); and 3) cataract surgery patients, as a comparative group (n = 68). Aqueous humor samples were obtained at the start of surgery. Aqueous cytokine levels were determined using a multiplex immunoassay (xMAP and the Human Cytokine/Chemokine Panel I). In UG cases, mean interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, and VEGF levels were 171.1, 214.5, 2791.7, 3.5, 23.9, 5.4, and 168.9 pg/mL, respectively, and were higher than those in cataract (non-glaucomatous) cases except PDGF. Levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and VEGF were higher in UG cases than in POAG cases. UG cases with a history of phacoemulsification displayed significantly higher levels of IL-6 (P = 0.0164), IL-8 (P = 0.0003), MCP-1 (P = 0.0465), and PDGF-AB/BB (P = 0.0062) compared to the phakic cases. The presence of cells in the anterior chamber was related to higher levels of IL-8 (P = 0.0002), TNF-α (P = 0.0037), and PDGF-AB/BB (P = 0.0009). The level of PDGF-AB/BB was higher in infectious uveitis than in non-infectious uveitis (P = 0.0211). The level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 was negatively correlated with the levels of MCP-1 (adjusted R2 = 0.28, t = -2.45, P = 0.031) and TNF-α (adjusted R2 = 0.27, t = -2.43, P = 0.032). A history of phacoemulsification, the presence of cells in the anterior chamber, and infectious uveitis were related to aqueous proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with UG. TGF-β2 might be an anti-inflammatory factor in aqueous humor of UG patients.