Isolation, characterization and analysis of bacteriophages from the haloalkaline lake Elmenteita, Kenya

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 4; p. e0215734
• Main Authors: Akhwale, Juliah Khayeli, Rohde, Manfred, Rohde, Christine, Bunk, Boyke, Spröer, Cathrin, Boga, Hamadi Iddi, Klenk, Hans-Peter, Wittmann, Johannes
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 25.04.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Bacteria; Bacteria - virology; Bacteriophages; Bacteriophages - genetics; Bacteriophages - isolation & purification; Bacteriophages - ultrastructure; Biodiversity; Cell culture; Chemical properties; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease transmission; DNA; E coli; Ecosystems; Electron microscopy; Environmental aspects; Extreme Environments; Gene polymorphism; Gene sequencing; Genome, Viral; Genomes; Genomics; Geologic Sediments - microbiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Identification and classification; Infection; Kenya; Lake sediments; Lakes; Lakes - chemistry; Lakes - microbiology; Microorganisms; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Open reading frames; Phages; Phylogeny; Polymorphism; Proteins; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Salinity; Sediment samplers; Sediments (Geology); Transmission electron microscopy; Viral infections; Viruses; Water; Kenya; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215734

As a step towards better understanding of diversity and biology of phages and their hosts in haloalkaline Lake Elmenteita, phages were isolated from sediment samples and overlying water using indigenous bacteria as hosts. 17 seemingly different phages of diverse morphotypes with different dimensions and partly exhibiting remarkably unusual ultrastructures were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. 12 clonal phage isolates were further characterized. Infection capability of the phages was optimum at 30-35°C and in alkali condition with optimum at pH 10-12. Structural protein profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses patterns were distinct for each of the phage type. Complete nucleotide sequences of phages vB-VmeM-32, vB_EauS-123 and vB_BhaS-171 genomes varied in size from 30,926-199,912 bp and G + C content of between 36.25-47.73%. A range of 56-260 potential open reading frames were identified and annotated. The results showed that the 12 phages were distinct from each other and confirmed the presence and diversity of phages in extreme environment of haloalkaline Lake Elmenteita. The phages were deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures and three of their genomes uploaded to NCBI GenBank.