The critically endangered forest owlet Heteroglaux blewitti is nested within the currently recognized Athene clade: A century-old debate addressed

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 2; p. e0192359
• Main Authors: Koparde, Pankaj, Mehta, Prachi, Reddy, Sushma, Ramakrishnan, Uma, Mukherjee, Shomita, Robin, V. V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 05.02.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Athene brama; Athene cunicularia; Athene noctua; Athene superciliaris; Bayesian analysis; Behavior; Biogeography; Biological evolution; Biology and Life Sciences; Climate change; Computer and Information Sciences; Conditional probability; Conservation; Conservation biology; Data processing; Divergence; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Endangered & extinct species; Endangered species; Forest management; Forests; Genera; Genetic analysis; Glaucidium; Glaucidium radiatum; Heteroglaux; Heteroglaux blewitti; Hybridization; Hypotheses; Methods; Mitochondria; Morphology; Ornithology; Owls; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Protection and preservation; Science education; Statistical analysis; Strigidae; Taxa; Taxonomy; Wildlife conservation; India
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192359

Range-restricted species generally have specific niche requirements and may often have unique evolutionary histories. Unfortunately, many of these species severely lack basic research, resulting in poor conservation strategies. The phylogenetic relationship of the Critically Endangered Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti has been the subject of a century-old debate. The current classifications based on non-phylogenetic comparisons of morphology place the small owls of Asia into three genera, namely, Athene, Glaucidium, and Heteroglaux. Based on morphological and anatomical data, H. blewitti has been alternatively hypothesized to belong within Athene, Glaucidium, or its own monotypic genus Heteroglaux. To test these competing hypotheses, we sequenced six loci (~4300 bp data) and performed phylogenetic analyses of owlets. Mitochondrial and nuclear trees were not congruent in their placement of H. blewitti. However, both mitochondrial and nuclear combined datasets showed strong statistical support with high maximum likelihood bootstrap (>/ = 90) and Bayesian posterior probability values (>/ = 0.98) for H. blewitti being nested in the currently recognized Athene group, but not sister to Indian A. brama. The divergence of H. blewitti from its sister taxa was between 4.3 and 5.7 Ma coinciding with a period of drastic climatic changes in the Indian subcontinent. This study presented the first genetic analysis of H. blewitti, a Critically Endangered species, and addressed the long debate on the relationships of the Athene-Heteroglaux-Glaucidium complex. We recommend further studies with more data and complete taxon sampling to understand the biogeography of Indian Athene species.