Indexical and linguistic processing by 12-month-olds: Discrimination of speaker, accent and vowel differences

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 5; p. e0176762
• Main Authors: Mulak, Karen E, Bonn, Cory D, Chládková, Kateřina, Aslin, Richard N, Escudero, Paola
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 17.05.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Accentuation; Acoustic noise; Acoustic properties; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Auditory discrimination; Bayesian analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Brain; Brain research; Cadmium; Categories; Cognitive ability; Colleges & universities; Computational neuroscience; Computer applications; Consortia; Cues; Cues/Cueing; Deixis; Descartes; Engineering and Technology; Environments; Female; Format; Go/no-go discrimination learning; Health aspects; Horizontal orientation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infants; Internet; Language; Learning; Learning environment; Learning strategies; Linguistics; Male; Mathematical models; Natural language processing; Neonates; Newborn babies; Noise; People and Places; Perception; Phonemes; Phonetics; Physical Sciences; Psychology; Receptive language; Researchers; Social Sciences; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech recognition; Speeches; Stimuli; Tongue; Variability; Vertical orientation; Voice communication; Vowels; New York; Australia; United States > US; New South Wales Australia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176762

Infants preferentially discriminate between speech tokens that cross native category boundaries prior to acquiring a large receptive vocabulary, implying a major role for unsupervised distributional learning strategies in phoneme acquisition in the first year of life. Multiple sources of between-speaker variability contribute to children's language input and thus complicate the problem of distributional learning. Adults resolve this type of indexical variability by adjusting their speech processing for individual speakers. For infants to handle indexical variation in the same way, they must be sensitive to both linguistic and indexical cues. To assess infants' sensitivity to and relative weighting of indexical and linguistic cues, we familiarized 12-month-old infants to tokens of a vowel produced by one speaker, and tested their listening preference to trials containing a vowel category change produced by the same speaker (linguistic information), and the same vowel category produced by another speaker of the same or a different accent (indexical information). Infants noticed linguistic and indexical differences, suggesting that both are salient in infant speech processing. Future research should explore how infants weight these cues in a distributional learning context that contains both phonetic and indexical variation.