Sugar sweetened beverage consumption during pregnancy is associated with lower diet quality and greater total energy intake

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 4; p. e0215686
• Main Authors: Gamba, Ryan J., Leung, Cindy W., Petito, Lucia, Abrams, Barbara, Laraia, Barbara A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 25.04.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Beverages; Calories; Consumption; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demographics; Diet; Eating behavior; Energy intake; Energy Intake - physiology; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Female; Health aspects; Health surveys; Humans; Identification methods; Income; Linear Models; Linear models (Statistics); Marriage; Minority & ethnic groups; Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys - statistics & numerical data; Obesity; Poverty; Prediction models; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Regression analysis; Regression models; Socio-economic aspects; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomics; Sugar; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages - statistics & numerical data; Teenagers; United States; Womens health; Young Adult; United States; United States > US; California
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215686

Identify the socio-economic correlates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among pregnant women and analyze to what extent SSB consumption is associated with diet quality and total energy intake. Additionally, we aim to predict how diet quality scores and totally energy intakes would change if SSB consumption was artificially set to 0. Repeated Cross Sectional Study. United States. SSB consumption was estimated from 1-2 24-hour dietary recalls from 1,154 pregnant women who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Linear regression models were used to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with SSB consumption and to assess the associations between SSB consumption and diet quality and total energy intake. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). The mean SSB intake was 1.3 servings per day (sd 1.5). Having a household income ≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level, being born in the United States, and not being married or living with a partner were positively associated with SSB consumption. Every 12 oz. of SSBs consumed was associated with a 2.3 lower AHEI-P score (95% CI: 1.6, 2.9) and the consumption of 124 more calories (95% CI: 85, 163), after adjusting for age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, survey year and day/s of the week the recall/s were collected. Our predictive models indicated that average AHEI-P would be 6.4 (5.4, 7.6) higher and average total energy intakes would be 203.5 calories (122.2, 284.8) lower if SSB intake was set to 0. SSB consumption is associated with poorer diet quality and higher total energy intake among pregnant women.