Comparative gene expression study and pathway analysis of the human iris- and the retinal pigment epithelium

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 8; p. e0182983
• Main Authors: Bennis, Anna, Ten Brink, Jacoline B, Moerland, Perry D, Heine, Vivi M, Bergen, Arthur A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 21.08.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Age; Aromatic compounds; Autografts; Bioinformatics; Biology and Life Sciences; Biosynthesis; Comparative analysis; Detoxification; Disease; Dissection; DNA microarrays; Epithelium; Eye; Eye (anatomy); Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Humans; Hydrocarbons; In vitro methods and tests; Iris; Iris - metabolism; Macular degeneration; Medicine and Health Sciences; Microscopy; Neurosciences; Photoreceptors; Physiological aspects; Pluripotency; Research and Analysis Methods; Retina; Retinal pigment epithelium; Retinal Pigment Epithelium - metabolism; Retinitis; Retinitis pigmentosa; Retinoids; Social Sciences; Stem cells; Studies; Transcription; Transcriptome; Transplantation; Transplants & implants; Visual perception; Vitamin A; Wnt protein; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182983

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a neural monolayer lining the back of the eye. Degeneration of the RPE leads to severe vision loss in, so far incurable, diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa. A promising future replacement therapy may be autologous iris epithelial cell transdifferentiation into RPE in vitro and, subsequently, transplantation. In this study we compared the gene expression profiles of the iris epithelium (IE) and the RPE. We collected both primary RPE- and IE cells from 5 freshly frozen human donor eyes, using respectively laser dissection microscopy and excision. We performed whole-genome expression profiling using 44k Agilent human microarrays. We investigated the gene expression profiles on both gene and functional network level, using R and the knowledge database Ingenuity. The major molecular pathways related to the RPE and IE were quite similar and yielded basic neuro-epithelial cell functions. Nonetheless, we also found major specific differences: For example, genes and molecular pathways, related to the visual cycle and retinol biosynthesis are significantly higher expressed in the RPE than in the IE. Interestingly, Wnt and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR-) signaling pathways are much higher expressed in the IE than in the RPE, suggesting, respectively, a possible pluripotent and high detoxification state of the IE. This study provides a valuation of the similarities and differences between the expression profiles of the RPE and IE. Our data combined with that of the literature, represent a most comprehensive perspective on transcriptional variation, which may support future research in the development of therapeutic transplantation of IE.