Preclinical trials for prevention of tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by LZ-8 targeting c-Met dependent and independent pathways

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 1; p. e0114495
• Main Authors: Wu, Jia-Ru, Hu, Chi-Tan, You, Ren-In, Ma, Pei-Ling, Pan, Siou-Mei, Lee, Ming-Che, Wu, Wen-Sheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 21.01.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: AKT protein; Animals; Anticancer properties; Apoptosis; Biotechnology; Buddhism; c-Met protein; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell cycle; Cell migration; Cell survival; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Epidermal growth factor; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Female; Fungal Proteins - pharmacology; Gene expression; Health aspects; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatology; Hospitals; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunomodulation; Internal medicine; JNK protein; Kinases; Laboratories; Liver cancer; Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy; Liver Neoplasms - genetics; Liver Neoplasms - metabolism; Liver Neoplasms - pathology; Lung cancer; Male; Medical prognosis; Medicine; Metastases; Metastasis; Mice; Mice, SCID; Mushrooms; Phosphorylation; Protein-tyrosine kinase receptors; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - metabolism; Rodents; Screening; Side effects; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Signaling; Tumors; Tyrosine; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114495

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal cancers. Mounting studies highlighted the essential role of the HGF/c-MET axis in driving HCC tumor progression. Therefore, c-Met is a potential therapeutic target for HCC. However, several concerns remain unresolved in c-Met targeting. First, the status of active c-Met in HCC must be screened to determine patients suitable for therapy. Second, resistance and side effects have been observed frequently when using conventional c-Met inhibitors. Thus, a preclinical system for screening the status of c-Met signaling and identifying efficient and safe anti-HCC agents is urgently required. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated c-Met (Tyr1234) on tissue sections indicated that HCCs with positive c-Met signaling accounted for approximately 46% in 26 cases. Second, many patient-derived HCC cell lines were established and characterized according to motility and c-Met signaling status. Moreover, LZ8, a medicinal peptide purified from the herb Lingzhi, featuring immunomodulatory and anticancer properties, was capable of suppressing cell migration and slightly reducing the survival rate of both c-Met positive and negative HCCs, HCC372, and HCC329, respectively. LZ8 also suppressed the intrahepatic metastasis of HCC329 in SCID mice. On the molecular level, LZ8 suppressed the expression of c-Met and phosphorylation of c-Met, ERK and AKT in HCC372, and suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT in HCC329. According to receptor array screening, the major receptor tyrosine kinase activated in HCC329 was found to be the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR (the active EGFR) was greatly suppressed in HCC329 by LZ8 treatment. In addition, LZ8 blocked HGF-induced cell migration and c-Met-dependent signaling in HepG2. In summary, we designed a preclinical trial using LZ8 to prevent the tumor progression of patient-derived HCCs with c-Met-positive or -negative signaling.