The sound and the fury--bees hiss when expecting danger

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 3; p. e0118708
• Main Authors: Wehmann, Henja-Niniane, Gustav, David, Kirkerud, Nicholas H, Galizia, C Giovanni
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.03.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acoustics; Animal behavior; Animal Communication; Animal sounds; Animals; Apis mellifera; Bees; Bees - physiology; Behavior; Behavioral biology; Bombus; Brain; Communication; Conditioning; Defense reaction (Physiology); Ecological monitoring; Evolution; Faulkner, William (1897-1962); Hazards; Honey; Laboratories; Learning; Memory; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Observations; Odor; Odors; Olfactory discrimination learning; Organismal biology; Piping; Sound; Sound production; Studies; Zoology; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118708

Honey bees are important model systems for the investigation of learning and memory and for a better understanding of the neuronal basics of brain function. Honey bees also possess a rich repertoire of tones and sounds, from queen piping and quacking to worker hissing and buzzing. In this study, we tested whether the worker bees' sounds can be used as a measure of learning. We therefore conditioned honey bees aversively to odours in a walking arena and recorded both their sound production and their movement. Bees were presented with two odours, one of which was paired with an electric shock. Initially, the bees did not produce any sound upon odour presentation, but responded to the electric shock with a strong hissing response. After learning, many bees hissed at the presentation of the learned odour, while fewer bees hissed upon presentation of another odour. We also found that hissing and movement away from the conditioned odour are independent behaviours that can co-occur but do not necessarily do so. Our data suggest that hissing can be used as a readout for learning after olfactory conditioning, but that there are large individual differences between bees concerning their hissing reaction. The basis for this variability and the possible ecological relevance of the bees' hissing remain to be investigated.