An Automated and Intelligent Medical Decision Support System for Brain MRI Scans Classification

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 8; p. e0135875
• Main Authors: Siddiqui, Muhammad Faisal, Reza, Ahmed Wasif, Kanesan, Jeevan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 17.08.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Accuracy; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimers disease; Automation; Basis functions; Brain; Brain - pathology; Classification; Datasets; Decision support systems; Discrete Wavelet Transform; Electrical engineering; Expert Systems - instrumentation; Feature extraction; Female; Health care; Human error; Human factors; Humans; Image classification; Intelligence; Learning algorithms; Least-Squares Analysis; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medical imaging; Memory; Middle Aged; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Neurology; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Performance assessment; Principal Component Analysis - methods; Principal components analysis; Radial basis function; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software; Support Vector Machine; Support vector machines; Technology application; Wavelet analysis; Wavelet transforms; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Malaysia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135875

A wide interest has been observed in the medical health care applications that interpret neuroimaging scans by machine learning systems. This research proposes an intelligent, automatic, accurate, and robust classification technique to classify the human brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) as normal or abnormal, to cater down the human error during identifying the diseases in brain MRIs. In this study, fast discrete wavelet transform (DWT), principal component analysis (PCA), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) are used as basic components. Firstly, fast DWT is employed to extract the salient features of brain MRI, followed by PCA, which reduces the dimensions of the features. These reduced feature vectors also shrink the memory storage consumption by 99.5%. At last, an advanced classification technique based on LS-SVM is applied to brain MR image classification using reduced features. For improving the efficiency, LS-SVM is used with non-linear radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The proposed algorithm intelligently determines the optimized values of the hyper-parameters of the RBF kernel and also applied k-fold stratified cross validation to enhance the generalization of the system. The method was tested by 340 patients' benchmark datasets of T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans. From the analysis of experimental results and performance comparisons, it is observed that the proposed medical decision support system outperformed all other modern classifiers and achieves 100% accuracy rate (specificity/sensitivity 100%/100%). Furthermore, in terms of computation time, the proposed technique is significantly faster than the recent well-known methods, and it improves the efficiency by 71%, 3%, and 4% on feature extraction stage, feature reduction stage, and classification stage, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed well-trained machine learning system has the potential to make accurate predictions about brain abnormalities from the individual subjects, therefore, it can be used as a significant tool in clinical practice.