Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors in a rural population in South-Western Uganda: a community based survey

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 5; p. e0126166
• Main Authors: Asiki, Gershim, Murphy, Georgina A V, Baisley, Kathy, Nsubuga, Rebecca N, Karabarinde, Alex, Newton, Robert, Seeley, Janet, Young, Elizabeth H, Kamali, Anatoli, Sandhu, Manjinder S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 14.05.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; Age Factors; AIDS; Alcohol Drinking - blood; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcohol use; Alcoholic beverages; Apolipoproteins; Blood; Blood Pressure; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias; Dyslipidemias - blood; Dyslipidemias - complications; Dyslipidemias - epidemiology; Education; Exercise; Female; Glucose; HDL cholesterol; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Hypertension; Lipids; Logistic Models; Low density lipoprotein; Low income areas; Male; Men; Metabolic disorders; Middle Aged; Multivariate analysis; Obesity - blood; Obesity - complications; Physical activity; Physiological aspects; Prevalence; Regression analysis; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Rural communities; Rural Population; Rural populations; Sex Factors; Uganda - epidemiology; Uganda
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126166

The burden of dyslipidaemia is rising in many low income countries. However, there are few data on the prevalence of, or risk factors for, dyslipidaemia in Africa. In 2011, we used the WHO Stepwise approach to collect cardiovascular risk data within a general population cohort in rural south-western Uganda. Dyslipidaemia was defined by high total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1 mmol/L in men, and <1.3 mmol/L in women. Logistic regression was used to explore correlates of dyslipidaemia. Low HDL-C prevalence was 71.3% and high TC was 6.0%. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with low HDL-C among both men and women were: decreasing age, tribe (prevalence highest among Rwandese tribe), lower education, alcohol consumption (comparing current drinkers to never drinkers: men adjusted (a)OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.35-0.55; women aOR=0.51, 95%CI=0.41-0.64), consuming <5 servings of fruit/vegetable per day, daily vigorous physical activity (comparing those with none vs those with 5 days a week: men aOR=0.83 95%CI=0.67-1.02; women aOR=0.76, 95%CI=0.55-0.99), blood pressure (comparing those with hypertension to those with normal blood pressure: men aOR=0.57, 95%CI=0.43-0.75; women aOR=0.69, 95%CI=0.52-0.93) and HIV infection (HIV infected without ART vs. HIV negative: men aOR=2.45, 95%CI=1.53-3.94; women aOR=1.88, 95%CI=1.19-2.97). The odds of low HDL-C was also higher among men with high BMI or HbA1c ≤ 6%, and women who were single or with abdominal obesity. Among both men and women, high TC was independently associated with increasing age, non-Rwandese tribe, high waist circumference (men aOR=5.70, 95%CI=1.97-16.49; women aOR=1.58, 95%CI=1.10-2.28), hypertension (men aOR=3.49, 95%CI=1.74-7.00; women aOR=1.47, 95%CI=0.96-2.23) and HbA1c >6% (men aOR=3.00, 95%CI=1.37-6.59; women aOR=2.74, 95%CI=1.77-4.27). The odds of high TC was also higher among married men, and women with higher education or high BMI. Low HDL-C prevalence in this relatively young rural population is high whereas high TC prevalence is low. The consequences of dyslipidaemia in African populations remain unclear and prospective follow-up is required.