Forced expiratory volume in one second: A novel predictor of work disability in subjects with suspected obstructive sleep apnea

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 7; p. e0201045
• Main Authors: Stendardo, Mariarita, Casillo, Valeria, Schito, Michela, Ballerin, Licia, Stomeo, Francesco, Vitali, Emanuela, Nardini, Marco, Maietti, Elisa, Boschetto, Piera
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 19.07.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Absenteeism; Airway management; Apnea; Biology and Life Sciences; Care and treatment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cystic fibrosis; Daytime; Diagnosis; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence - diagnosis; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence - etiology; Employment; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Gender differences; Hospitals; Humans; Hypertension; Illnesses; Italy; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mental depression; Middle Aged; Obesity; Otolaryngology; Polysomnography; Public health; Quality of Life; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep and wakefulness; Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications; Sleep disorders; Sleepiness; Social Sciences; Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival analysis; Italy
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201045

Whether the association of work disability with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is mainly due to the disease, i.e. the number and frequency of apneas-hypoapneas, or to coexisting factors independent from the disease, is not well-established. In this study, we aim to evaluate work ability in a group of subjects undergoing OSA workup and to identify the major contributors of impaired work ability. In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 146 consecutive subjects who have been working for the last five years and referred to the sleep disorders outpatients' clinic of the University-Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, with suspected OSA. After completing an interview in which the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires were administered to assess work ability and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively, subjects underwent overnight polysomnography for OSA diagnosing and spirometry. Of the 146 subjects, 140 (96%) completed the tests and questionnaires and, of these, 66 exhibited work disability (WAI < 37). OSA was diagnosed (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5) in 45 (68%) of the 66 subjects. After controlling for confounders, a lower level of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), [odds ratio 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-1.00)], older age [1.09 (95% CI 1.03-1.15)], excessive daytime sleepiness [3.16 (95% CI 1.20-8.34)] and a worse quality of life [0.96 (95% CI 0.94-1.00)], but not OSA [1.04 (95% CI 0.41-2.62)], were associated with work disability. Patients with a higher number of diseases, in which OSA was not included, and a lower quality of life had an increased probability of absenteeism in the previous 12 months. In subjects with suspected OSA, FEV1 can be an important predictor of work disability.