Micro-hydro power in the UK: The role of communities in an emerging energy resource

• Published in: Energy policy Vol. 68; pp. 92 - 101
• Main Authors: Bracken, L.J., Bulkeley, H.A., Maynard, C.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2014; Elsevier; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Alternative energy; Applied sciences; Classification; Communities; Community; Economic data; Electric energy; Energy; Energy economics; Energy policy; Energy resources; England; Environmental dimension; Environmental effects; Exact sciences and technology; Expansion; General, economic and professional studies; Hardware; Hydroelectric plants; Hydroelectric power; Micro-hydro; Natural energy; Ownership; Renewable energy; Renewable energy sources; Renewable resources; Renewables; Studies; United Kingdom; Western Europe; United Kingdom > UK; England; British Isles, England; Environmental dimension; Micro-hydro; Renewables
• ISSN: 0301-4215; 1873-6777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.12.046

Research around micro-hydro power is focused on technical aspects with limited understanding of the social organisation and environmental implications. We examine the ways in which micro-hydro is engaged by people and organisations as a means of contributing to the UK's policy ambition for renewable energy. We bring to the fore the way in which expertise is used and contested. A web based review of micro-hydro schemes in the UK was undertaken and a detailed evaluation of two schemes in the North of England was conducted to determine how expertise and contestation figures in community schemes. Results demonstrate a rapid expansion of micro-hydro in the UK. Ownership/control is highly ‘community based’. Until now research around micro-hydro has been dominated by technical approaches with schemes defined in terms of hardware. We propose a third dimension to Walker and Cass's (2007) classification of renewable energy developments: the environmental dimension. We suggest this dimension of micro-hydro is critical, both in terms of the extent to which resources can be realised but also the ways in which it might attract controversy, in particular around how expertise is used and valued. •Analysis of micro-hydro schemes in the UK demonstrates a recent rapid expansion.•We propose a third dimension to renewable energy developments: the environmental dimension.•The environmental dimension of micro-hydro determines how resources are realised.•Environmental features underpin the controversy which can emerge around schemes.•The ownership of micro-hydro schemes is highly ‘community based’.