Respiratory virus detection during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia

• Published in: Australian and New Zealand journal of public health Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 10 - 15
• Main Authors: El‐Heneidy, Asmaa, Ware, Robert S., Robson, Jennifer M., Cherian, Sarah G., Lambert, Stephen B., Grimwood, Keith
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier B.V 01.02.2022; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Elsevier Limited; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Elsevier
• Subjects: Australia; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Diagnosis; Epidemics; Health aspects; Humans; Identification and classification; Influence; Influenza; Influenza, Human - epidemiology; Laboratories; non‐pharmaceutical interventions; Pandemics; Parainfluenza; Public health; Queensland - epidemiology; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory tract diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections - diagnosis; Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology; respiratory viruses; Rhinovirus; SARS-CoV-2; Schools; Viruses; Australia; Queensland; Queensland Australia; Western Australia Australia; influenza; COVID‐19; respiratory viruses; SARS‐CoV‐2; non‐pharmaceutical interventions; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; non-pharmaceutical interventions
• ISSN: 1326-0200; 1753-6405; 1753-6405
• DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13168

To determine if non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) impacted on respiratory virus detections in Queensland, Australia, during the COVID‐19 pandemic year of 2020. We analysed weekly counts of influenza, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus available from a Queensland laboratory network for the year 2020. These were compared with averaged counts from 2015 to 2019. Overall, 686,199 tests were performed. The timing of NPI implementation was associated with a sharp and sustained decline in influenza, where during the typical annual influenza season (weeks 23–40) no cases were detected from 163,296 tests compared with an average of 26.1% (11,844/45,396) of tests positive in 2015–2019. Similar results were observed for human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza. Respiratory syncytial virus detections also declined but increased in weeks 48–52 (5.6%; 562/10,078) to exceed the 2015–2019 average (2.9%; 150/5,018). Rhinovirus detections increased after schools reopened, peaking in weeks 23–27 (57.4%; 36,228/63,115), exceeding the 2017–2019 detections during that period (21.9%; 8,365/38,072). NPIs implemented to control COVID‐19 were associated with altered frequency and proportions of respiratory virus detections. NPIs derived from influenza pandemic plans were associated with profound decreases in influenza detections during 2020.