Foreign policy think tanks in China and Japan: Characteristics, current profile, and the case of collective self-defence

• Published in: International journal (Toronto) Vol. 70; no. 4; pp. 593 - 612
• Main Authors: Abb, Pascal, Koellner, Patrick
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.12.2015; Sage Publications Ltd. (UK); Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Außenpolitik; Bias; China; Chinese foreign relations; collective self-defence; Defense industry; Foreign policy; Ideology; Intellectuals; Japan; Japanese foreign relations; Mass media; Policy analysis; Policy making; Political aspects; Programming (Broadcast); Public policy; Qualifications; Scholarly Essay; Security policy; Self defense; Think tanks; Travel; Japan; China; United States > US; bilateral relations; think tanks; China; Japan; Foreign policy; collective self-defence
• ISSN: 0020-7020; 2052-465X
• DOI: 10.1177/0020702015592119

The role of foreign policy think tanks (FPTTs) in policy-making has received substantial scholarly attention, with most studies focusing on US-based organizations. In this article, we seek to address this spatial bias by discussing the development and roles of FPTTs in two East Asian countries, China and Japan. China today hosts the second-largest think tank scene in the world, and many FPTTs have received influxes of funding and increased the academic qualifications of their staffers in recent years. Japan also hosts a sizable array of think tanks, but many of them operate on a for-profit basis and do not focus on public policy issues; Japan has very few genuine FPTTs. In both countries, FPTTs are in many ways linked to the government. While they seek to inform and influence foreign and security policy as well as public discourse on international affairs, they usually do not act as agenda setters. By examining the recent case of constitutional reinterpretation in Japan, which aimed to enable collective self-defence, we show how Japanese public intellectuals, including think tankers, helped to legitimize this controversial move and how Chinese FPTTs reacted publicly by providing media commentary in support of the official government line.