Incidence and Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza in a Cohort of Backyard Poultry Growers, Egypt, August 2015–March 2019

• Published in: Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 26; no. 9; pp. 2129 - 2136
• Main Authors: Gomaa, Mokhtar R., El Rifay, Amira S., Abu Zeid, Dina, Elabd, Mona A., Elabd, Eman, Kandeil, Ahmed, Shama, Noura M. Abo, Kamel, Mina N., Marouf, Mohamed A., Barakat, Ahmed, Refaey, Samir, Naguib, Amal, McKenzie, Pamela P., Webby, Richard J., Ali, Mohamed A., Kayali, Ghazi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.09.2020; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subjects: Age; Analysis; Antibodies; Asymptomatic; Avian flu; Avian influenza; Avian influenza viruses; cohort; Egypt; Epidemiology; Farmers; Health aspects; Hospitals; Households; incidence; Infection; Infections; Laboratories; Poultry; Serology; seroprevalence; Surveillance; Vaccines; Viruses; Egypt; epidemiology; poultry; viruses; avian influenza; Egypt; seroprevalence; cohort; zoonoses; respiratory diseases; vaccine-preventable diseases; incidence
• ISSN: 1080-6040; 1080-6059; 1080-6059
• DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.200266

Currently enzootic avian influenza H5N1, H9N2, and H5N8 viruses were introduced into poultry in Egypt in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Infections with H5N1 and H9N2 were reported among poultry-exposed humans. We followed 2,402 persons from households raising backyard poultry from 5 villages in Egypt during August 2015-March 2019. We collected demographic, exposure, and health condition data and annual serum samples from each participant and obtained swab samples from participants reporting influenza-like illness symptoms. We performed serologic and molecular analyses and detected 4 cases of infection with H5N1 and 3 cases with H9N2. We detected very low seroprevalence of H5N1 antibodies and no H5N8 antibodies among the cohort; up to 11% had H9 antibodies. None of the exposure, health status, or demographic variables were related to being seropositive. Our findings indicate that avian influenza remains a public health risk in Eqypt, but infections may go undetected because of their mild or asymptomatic nature.