Neurocognitive deficits are associated with unemployment in chronic methamphetamine users

• Published in: Drug and alcohol dependence Vol. 125; no. 1-2; pp. 146 - 153
• Main Authors: Weber, Erica, Blackstone, Kaitlin, Iudicello, Jennfer E., Morgan, Erin E., Grant, Igor, Moore, David J., Woods, Steven Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.09.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - psychology; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition; Cognition Disorders - psychology; Cognitive impairment; Cognitive skills; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug addiction; Employment; Executive Function; Female; Functional status; Humans; Infection; Learning Disorders - complications; Learning Disorders - psychology; Logistic Models; Male; Medical sciences; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Mental Disorders - epidemiology; Mental Disorders - psychology; Methamphetamine; Miscellaneous; Neuropharmacology; Neuropsychological assessment; Neuropsychological Tests; Odds Ratio; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Psychiatry; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease); Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychopharmacology; Schizophrenia; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance abuse; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology; Substance-Related Disorders - complications; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology; Unemployment; Unemployment - psychology; Unemployment - statistics & numerical data; Functional status; Substance abuse; Neuropsychological assessment; Employment; Cognitive impairment; Amphetamine derivatives; Human; Drug addiction; Cognitive disorder; User; CNS stimulant; Psychotropic; Use; Metamfetamine; Neuropsychological test; Sympathomimetic; Unemployment; Functional capacity; Chronic; Association; Addiction
• ISSN: 0376-8716; 1879-0046; 1879-0046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.002

Unemployment rates are high among chronic methamphetamine (MA) users and carry a significant economic burden, yet little is known about the neurocognitive and psychiatric predictors of employment in this vulnerable population. The present study examined this issue in 63 participants with recent MA dependence and 47 comparison subjects without histories of MA use disorders. All participants completed a comprehensive neurocognitive, psychiatric and neuromedical evaluation. Individuals with HIV infection, severe neuropsychological or psychiatric conditions that might affect cognition (e.g., seizure disorder, schizophrenia), or a positive Breathalyzer or urine toxicology screen on the day of testing were excluded. Consistent with previous research, a logistic regression revealed MA dependence as a significant, independent predictor of full-time unemployment status. Within the MA-dependent sample, greater impairment in global neurocognitive functioning and history of injection drug use emerged as significant independent predictors of unemployment status. The association between worse global cognitive functioning and unemployment was primarily driven by deficits in executive functions, learning, verbal fluency, and working memory. These findings indicate that neurocognitive deficits play a significant role in the higher unemployment rates of MA-dependent individuals, and highlight the need for vocational rehabilitation and supported employment programs that assess and bolster cognitive skills in this population.