Immunization of mice with a recombinant adenovirus vaccine inhibits the early growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after infection

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 4; no. 12; p. e8235
• Main Authors: Ronan, Edward O, Lee, Lian Ni, Beverley, Peter C L, Tchilian, Elma Z
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 09.12.2009; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adenoviridae - drug effects; Adenoviridae - immunology; Adenovirus; Adenoviruses; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Antigen-presenting cells; Antigens; Antigens, Bacterial - immunology; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine; BCG; CD8 antigen; Comparative analysis; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Effector cells; Epitopes - immunology; Female; Growth; Health aspects; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Immunity - drug effects; Immunization; Immunology/Immunity to Infections; Infections; Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases; Infectious Diseases/Respiratory Infections; Kinetics; Lung - drug effects; Lung - immunology; Lung - microbiology; Lungs; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Medical research; Medicine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbiology/Immunity to Infections; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - growth & development; Phenotype; Respiratory Medicine/Respiratory Infections; Surfactants; T cells; Time Factors; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines - immunology; Tuberculosis Vaccines - pharmacology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - immunology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - microbiology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - prevention & control; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vaccines, Synthetic - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology; Vaccines, Synthetic - pharmacology
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008235

In pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, immune responses are delayed compared to other respiratory infections, so that antigen-specific cells are not detected in the lungs earlier than day 14. Even after parenteral immunization with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) or a subunit vaccine, the immune response after Mtb challenge is only slightly accelerated and the kinetics of pulmonary Mtb growth do not differ between naïve and immunized animals up to day 14. Mice were immunized intranasally with a recombinant adenovirus expressing mycobacterial antigen 85A (Ad85A), challenged by aerosol with Mtb and the kinetics of Mtb growth in the lungs measured. Intranasal immunization with Ad85A inhibits Mtb growth in the early phase of infection, up to day 8. Protection is sustained for at least 7 months and correlates with the presence of antigen-specific activated effector CD8 T cells in the lungs. Antigen 85A-specific T cells respond to antigen presenting cells from the lungs of mice immunized with Ad85A 23 weeks previously, demonstrating the persistence of antigen in the lungs. Intranasal immunization with Ad85A can inhibit early growth of Mtb because it establishes a lung antigen depot and maintains an activated lung-resident lymphocyte population. We propose that an optimal immunization strategy for tuberculosis should aim to induce both lung and systemic immunity, targeting the early and late phases of Mtb growth.