Infrared Spectroscopy Based Study of Biochemical Changes in Saliva during Maximal Progressive Test in Athletes

• Published in: Analytical Sciences Vol. 37; no. 8; pp. 1157 - 1163
• Main Authors: Claudio A. G. A. VIEIRA, PUPIN, Breno, BHATTACHARJEE, Tanmoy T., SAKANE, Kumiko K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 10.08.2021; Springer Nature Singapore; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Athletes; ATR-FTIR; Biochemistry; Blood; Carbohydrates; Chemistry; Discriminant Analysis; exercise associated biochemical changes; exercise related changes in saliva; Fourier transforms; Glucose; Humans; Infrared spectroscopy; Lactic acid; Lipids; Maximal stress test; Multivariate analysis; Original Paper; PCA-LDA; Physical training; Principal Component Analysis; Saliva; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum analysis; Treadmills; exercise associated biochemical changes; PCA-LDA; Maximal stress test; ATR-FTIR; exercise related changes in saliva
• ISSN: 0910-6340; 1348-2246
• DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20P395

This study aims to explore biochemical changes in saliva during cardiorespiratory exercise using attenuated-total-reflectance–Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Saliva and blood samples were obtained from six athletes at rest, and after running at speeds of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 kilometers-per-hour (km/h) on a treadmill (maximal stress test). Saliva ATR-FTIR spectra were analyzed using deconvolution and multivariate analysis. Area-under-the-curve calculations suggest differential changes in glucose, lactate, protein, lipids, carbohydrate and phosphate content in saliva during the test. Increases in glucose and lactate levels with increasing speeds were verified by simultaneous measurement of blood glucose and lactate levels using standard equipment (Roche®). Multivariate principal-component-analysis (PCA) showed discrete clusters for low (rest-14 km/h) and high (15 – 20 km/h) speeds, and PCA–linear-discriminant-analysis showed 100% classification of 18 – 20 km/h as high speed. Overall, results suggest the possibility of using this non-invasive saliva-based ATR-FTIR method for biochemical assessment during sports exercise and stress tests.