Viral miRNAs in plasma and urine divulge JC polyomavirus infection

• Published in: Virology journal Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 158
• Main Authors: Lagatie, Ole, Van Loy, Tom, Tritsmans, Luc, Stuyver, Lieven J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Springer-Verlag 02.09.2014; BioMed Central Ltd; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease susceptibility; DNA; Female; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human polyomavirus 2; Humans; Infections; JC polyomavirus; JC Virus - isolation & purification; Male; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - classification; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - isolation & purification; Middle Aged; Plasma; Polyomavirus; Polyomavirus Infections - blood; Polyomavirus Infections - diagnosis; Polyomavirus Infections - urine; Risk assessment; RNA, Viral - blood; RNA, Viral - urine; sampling; Sensitivity and Specificity; serology; seroprevalence; Tumor Virus Infections - blood; Tumor Virus Infections - diagnosis; Tumor Virus Infections - urine; Urine; Viral Load; viral shedding; Virus Shedding; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1743-422X; 1743-422X
• DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-158

BACKGROUND: JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a widespread human polyomavirus that usually resides latently in its host, but can be reactivated under immune-compromised conditions potentially causing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCPyV encodes its own microRNA, jcv-miR-J1. METHODS: We have investigated in 50 healthy subjects whether jcv-miR-J1-5p (and its variant jcv-miR-J1a-5p) can be detected in plasma or urine. RESULTS: We found that the overall detection rate of JCPyV miRNA was 74% (37/50) in plasma and 62% (31/50) in urine. Subjects were further categorized based on JCPyV VP1 serology status and viral shedding. In seronegative subjects, JCPyV miRNA was found in 86% (12/14) and 57% (8/14) of plasma and urine samples, respectively. In seropositive subjects, the detection rate was 69% (25/36) and 64% (23/36) for plasma and urine, respectively. Furthermore, in seropositive subjects shedding virus in urine, higher levels of urinary viral miRNAs were observed, compared to non-shedding seropositive subjects (P < 0.001). No correlation was observed between urinary and plasma miRNAs. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that analysis of circulating viral miRNAs divulge the presence of latent JCPyV infection allowing further stratification of seropositive individuals. Also, our data indicate higher infection rates than would be expected from serology alone.