A reduction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among children in Vietnam demonstrates the importance of vaccination
Highlights • This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. • A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. • The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70%. • Unadjusted HBsAg prevalence amon...
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| Published in | Vaccine Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 217 - 222 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
03.01.2014
Elsevier Elsevier Limited |
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| Abstract | Highlights • This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. • A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. • The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70%. • Unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%). • Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. |
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| AbstractList | •This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design.•A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses.•The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70%.•Unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%).•Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination.
Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the national childhood immunization program in 1997 in high-risk areas, expanded nationwide in 2002, and included birth dose vaccination in 2003. This survey aimed to assess the impact of Vietnam's vaccination programme by estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children born during 2000–2008.
This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. Demographic and vaccination data were collected along with a whole blood specimen that was collected and interpreted in the field with a point-of-care HBsAg test.
A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20–3.30). However, HBsAg prevalence was significantly higher among children born in 2000–2003 (3.64%) compared to children born 2007–2008 (1.64%) (prevalence ratio (PR: 2.22, CI 1.55–3.18)). Among all children included in the survey, unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%) (PR: 1.71, CI: 1.00–2.91) and significantly lower than among unvaccinated children (3.47%) (PR: 1.99, CI: 1.15–3.45). Infants receiving hepatitis B vaccine >7 days after birth had significantly higher HBsAg prevalence (3.20%) than those vaccinated 0-1 day after birth (1.52%) (PR: 2.09, CI: 1.27–3.46).
Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. Further strengthening of timely birth dose vaccination will be important for reducing chronic HBV infection prevalence of under 5 children to <1%, a national and Western Pacific regional hepatitis B control goal. Background: Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the national childhood immunization program in 1997 in high-risk areas, expanded nationwide in 2002, and included birth dose vaccination in 2003. This survey aimed to assess the impact of Vietnam's vaccination programme by estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children born during 2000-2008. Background Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the national childhood immunization program in 1997 in high-risk areas, expanded nationwide in 2002, and included birth dose vaccination in 2003. This survey aimed to assess the impact of Vietnam's vaccination programme by estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children born during 2000-2008. Methods This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. Demographic and vaccination data were collected along with a whole blood specimen that was collected and interpreted in the field with a point-of-care HBsAg test. Results A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.30). However, HBsAg prevalence was significantly higher among children born in 2000-2003 (3.64%) compared to children born 2007-2008 (1.64%) (prevalence ratio (PR: 2.22, CI 1.55-3.18)). Among all children included in the survey, unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with >=3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with >=3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%) (PR: 1.71, CI: 1.00-2.91) and significantly lower than among unvaccinated children (3.47%) (PR: 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.45). Infants receiving hepatitis B vaccine >7 days after birth had significantly higher HBsAg prevalence (3.20%) than those vaccinated 0-1 day after birth (1.52%) (PR: 2.09, CI: 1.27-3.46). Conclusion Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. Further strengthening of timely birth dose vaccination will be important for reducing chronic HBV infection prevalence of under 5 children to <1%, a national and Western Pacific regional hepatitis B control goal. Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the national childhood immunization program in 1997 in high-risk areas, expanded nationwide in 2002, and included birth dose vaccination in 2003. This survey aimed to assess the impact of Vietnam's vaccination programme by estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children born during 2000-2008. This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. Demographic and vaccination data were collected along with a whole blood specimen that was collected and interpreted in the field with a point-of-care HBsAg test. A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.30). However, HBsAg prevalence was significantly higher among children born in 2000-2003 (3.64%) compared to children born 2007-2008 (1.64%) (prevalence ratio (PR: 2.22, CI 1.55-3.18)). Among all children included in the survey, unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%) (PR: 1.71, CI: 1.00-2.91) and significantly lower than among unvaccinated children (3.47%) (PR: 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.45). Infants receiving hepatitis B vaccine >7 days after birth had significantly higher HBsAg prevalence (3.20%) than those vaccinated 0-1 day after birth (1.52%) (PR: 2.09, CI: 1.27-3.46). Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. Further strengthening of timely birth dose vaccination will be important for reducing chronic HBV infection prevalence of under 5 children to <1%, a national and Western Pacific regional hepatitis B control goal. BACKGROUNDVietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the national childhood immunization program in 1997 in high-risk areas, expanded nationwide in 2002, and included birth dose vaccination in 2003. This survey aimed to assess the impact of Vietnam's vaccination programme by estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children born during 2000-2008. METHODSThis nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. Demographic and vaccination data were collected along with a whole blood specimen that was collected and interpreted in the field with a point-of-care HBsAg test. RESULTSA total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.30). However, HBsAg prevalence was significantly higher among children born in 2000-2003 (3.64%) compared to children born 2007-2008 (1.64%) (prevalence ratio (PR: 2.22, CI 1.55-3.18)). Among all children included in the survey, unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%) (PR: 1.71, CI: 1.00-2.91) and significantly lower than among unvaccinated children (3.47%) (PR: 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.45). Infants receiving hepatitis B vaccine >7 days after birth had significantly higher HBsAg prevalence (3.20%) than those vaccinated 0-1 day after birth (1.52%) (PR: 2.09, CI: 1.27-3.46). CONCLUSIONChildhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. Further strengthening of timely birth dose vaccination will be important for reducing chronic HBV infection prevalence of under 5 children to <1%, a national and Western Pacific regional hepatitis B control goal. Highlights • This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. • A total of 6,949 children were included in the survey analyses. • The overall HBsAg prevalence among surveyed children was 2.70%. • Unadjusted HBsAg prevalence among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine including a birth dose (1.75%) was significantly lower than among children with ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine but lacked a birth dose (2.98%). • Childhood chronic HBV infection prevalence has been markedly reduced in Vietnam due to vaccination. |
| Author | Hennessey, Karen A Wannemuehler, Kathleen A Nguyen, Tran Hien Vu, Minh Huong Nguyen, Tuyet Nga Nguyen, Lien Huong Toda, Kohei Nguyen, Van Cuong Dao, Sang |
| AuthorAffiliation | d World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines a National Insitutute of Hygience and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam b Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Hanoi, Vietnam e Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA c World Health Organization, Hanoi, Vietnam |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: c World Health Organization, Hanoi, Vietnam – name: b Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Hanoi, Vietnam – name: d World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines – name: e Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA – name: a National Insitutute of Hygience and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Nguyen, Tran Hien – sequence: 2 fullname: Vu, Minh Huong – sequence: 3 fullname: Nguyen, Van Cuong – sequence: 4 fullname: Nguyen, Lien Huong – sequence: 5 fullname: Toda, Kohei – sequence: 6 fullname: Nguyen, Tuyet Nga – sequence: 7 fullname: Dao, Sang – sequence: 8 fullname: Wannemuehler, Kathleen A – sequence: 9 fullname: Hennessey, Karen A |
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| Keywords | Birth dose vaccination Immunization Hepatitis B virus Seroprevalence Human Prevalence Tropical zone Vaccination Orthohepadnavirus Hepatic disease Serology Vaccine Epidemiology Infection Virus Viral hepatitis B Hepadnaviridae Viral disease Digestive diseases Child |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Highlights • This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design. • A total of 6,949... •This nationally representative cross-sectional survey sampled children based on a stratified three-stage cluster design.•A total of 6,949 children were... Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced in the... Background Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first... BACKGROUNDVietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first introduced... Background: Vietnam has high endemic hepatitis B virus infection with >8% of adults estimated to have chronic infection. Hepatitis B vaccine was first... |
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| SubjectTerms | Allergy and Immunology Applied microbiology Biological and medical sciences Birth dose vaccination Caregivers Child Children & youth Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Ethnicity Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Health facilities Hepatitis Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood Hepatitis B Vaccines - therapeutic use Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B, Chronic - epidemiology Hepatitis B, Chronic - prevention & control Human viral diseases Humans Immunization Immunization Programs Immunization, Secondary Infections Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Microbiology Miscellaneous Polls & surveys Population density Prevalence Sample size Seroprevalence Stratigraphy Vaccines Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) Vietnam - epidemiology Viral diseases Viral hepatitis Virology |
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| Title | A reduction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among children in Vietnam demonstrates the importance of vaccination |
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